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Topic:Case Reports
Case reports in equine medicine provide detailed accounts of individual horses' clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, treatments, and outcomes. These reports are valuable for documenting rare conditions, novel treatment approaches, or unique clinical insights that may not be captured in larger studies. By focusing on individual cases, these reports contribute to the broader understanding of equine health and disease management. They often include comprehensive information on the horse's history, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up evaluations. This page assembles peer-reviewed case reports and scholarly articles that explore diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into specific medical scenarios and their implications for veterinary practice.
Clinical and pathological studies of brain injuries in horse-riding accidents: a description of cases and review with a warning to the unhelmeted. We present a clinical and pathological study of brain injuries in horse-riding accidents. Among six fatal cases, all experienced riders varying in age and sex, two were not wearing helmets and four had inadequate protective headgear. Among five non-fatal cases, four wore adequate helmets and only one of these suffered permanent neurological damage. The fifth was not wearing a helmet and although he eventually returned to work, a CT scan following the fall showed a deep-seated perithalamic hematoma. These findings are consistent with those of virtually all other studies in that they suggest tha...
Some unusual features of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in horses. Seven horses ranging from three to 15 years of age had nephrotic syndrome; at necropsy, renal tissue of all seven horses had the morphologic lesions of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). Homogeneous eosinophilic material which filled the glomerular capillary lumina was found in five horses. Ultrastructurally, this material primarily consisted of electron-dense deposits with a fibrillar pattern in five horses and in one horse, rhomboid crystalline deposits which resembled deposits seen in human cryoglobulinemia. The association of mesangioprolif...
Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint after neurectomy in a mare. Fracture of the lateral wing of the third phalanx with secondary infection of the distal interphalangeal joint occurred in a neurectomized mare. Puncture of the sole may have been the inciting cause, emphasizing the need for careful daily foot care in neurectomized horses.
Suspected tremetol poisoning in horses. Of 10 horses in a heavily overgrazed pasture, 4 died within 1 week. Clinical signs included muscle tremors, ataxia, reluctance to walk, heavy sweating, and myoglobinuria. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were high. Histopathologic findings were nonspecific. On the basis of clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, nonspecific histopathologic findings, the condition of the pasture, the identification of numerous white snakeroot plants from which trematone was extracted, and evidence that these plants had been heavily browsed, it was believed t...
Eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder in a horse. An eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder resulted in edema and hemorrhagic diathesis in a 10-month-old Standardbred colt. Laboratory abnormalities included severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, mild hypoproteinemia, and marked eosinophilia. Circulating eosinophils were immature or atypical with variation in granule size, disproportionate nuclear to cytoplasmic maturation, and abnormal nuclear size and shape. Bone marrow aspirate had mainly atypical eosinophil precursors, few erythroid precursors, and no megakaryocytes. A blood transfusion and dexamethasone therapy resulted in some improvement; h...
[Chronic purulent maxillary sinusitis in horses]. The surgical treatment of eighty-nine horses and ponies suffering from chronic empyema of the maxillary sinus is reported. Treatment consisted in trephination and drainage of the sinus involved in thirty-six animals; the affected teeth were removed at the same time in fifty-three animals in which sinusitis was caused by an alveolitis. The recovery rate was seventy-five per cent in group one and seventy per cent in group two. Postoperative treatment is also reported and attention is paid to complications which may occur during and after surgery.
Castration of horses and donkeys with first intention healing. A simple technique for castration of adult horses which results in first intention healing was devised. The technique involves a 'closed' castration with or without a transfixed ligature on the spermatic sac and suturing the scrotal skin with polyglycolic acid suture material. The postoperative course was characterised by mild oedema only and by rapid recovery. The results obtained during the course of removing 311 scrotal testes from horses and donkeys of all ages are described and discussed. The technique is readily applicable in the field.
Medical management of esophageal stricture in seven horses. Esophageal strictures developed in 7 horses that were treated for esophageal obstruction. A soft diet was fed to all horses, with intermittent nasogastric tube feeding in one, and medication included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Maximal reduction in esophageal lumen diameter was evident by 30 days following circumferential esophageal ulceration, after which lumen diameter increased rapidly. Five horses were clinically normal by 60 days after the esophageal injury. Two horses were euthanatized at the owner's request, 16 and 17 days after the original insult.
Medial condylar fractures of the third metatarsal bone in horses. Fifteen longitudinal fractures involving the medial condyle of the third metatarsal bone were diagnosed in racing Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Twelve were repaired surgically with lag screws placed through stab incisions. Two of the horses suffered catastrophic fracture of the third metatarsal bone during recovery from anesthesia, and 3 more sustained complete fractures within 4 days of the repair. Of 3 horses with fractures treated without surgery, 2 healed without complication. Preoperative radiography did not demonstrate a nonlongitudinal fracture component in any of the horses that sus...
Vestibular syndrome associated with temporohyoid joint fusion and temporal bone fracture in three horses. Acute onset of vestibulocochlear and facial nerve dysfunction due to a stress fracture of the petrous part of the temporal bone was diagnosed in 3 horses. The fracture was secondary to chronic inflammatory changes in the petrous part of the temporal bone and the proximal stylohyoid bone, with fusion of the temporohyoid joint. Bacterial meningoencephalitis was a complicating factor. Treatment resulted in reduction of severity of clinical signs in 2 of the 3 cases, but residual compensated vestibular deficits persisted.
Endometritis in the mare caused by a Coryneform organism–a case report and experimental studies. Persistent purulent endometritis in a mare was attributed to an unclassified species of Corynebacterium. Following intrauterine infusions of 20% betadine for 5 days the purulent vulval discharge ceased and the mare appeared clinically normal. Based on histological examination of endometrial biopsy samples, the severe acute inflammatory reaction had largely resolved 2 days after therapy. Three maiden mares considered resistant to bacterial endometritis received single intrauterine inoculations of 1.8 X 10(9) colony-forming units of the Corynebacterium species. The uterine response was followed ...
External lipomas in three horses. Lipomas involving the musculoskeletal system were seen in 3 horses. The lipomas were on the thorax of 2 horses and the stifle of the third horse. The thoracic lipomas were surgically removed. No recurrence has been noted by 8 months in either case. The lipoma on the stifle had invaded the surrounding tissue and the horse was euthanatized. Unlike mesenteric lipomas, which occur in older horses, these lipomas all occurred in horses less than 2 years of age.
Transient Horner’s syndrome following routine intravenous injections in two horses. Horner's syndrome developed in 2 horses after routine jugular venipuncture. Signs included unilateral sweating of the face in both horses and ptosis in 1 horse. The signs resolved within 14 hours. Signs of a perivascular injection did not develop in either horse. Although Horner's syndrome has been reported after perivascular jugular injections these cases illustrate that the syndrome may develop following routine intravenous injections.
Femoral fracture repair complicated by vascular injury in a foal. A comminuted, mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture was diagnosed radiographically in a 4-month-old Quarter Horse colt. Disruption of the distal blood supply was suspected, as evidenced by coolness and diminished pulses of the distal portion of the limb. The fracture was repaired by compression plating but the foal's condition continued to deteriorate. A femoral arteriogram of the affected limb was obtained. Positive contrast agent was visible only as far as the mid-shaft of the femur. The foal was euthanatized and the postmortem examination revealed a transected popliteal artery accounting for isch...
Protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses in California. Three cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis were diagnosed over a 12-month period in horses that had never left the state of California. These cases suggest that the disease is enzootic in California.
A survey of adverse effects associated with ivermectin use in Louisiana horses. In a survey of 13 Louisiana equine practices, it was determined that 366 of 3,316 horses developed adverse reactions following use of ivermectin, with 3 of the horses having more than 1 reaction. Almost all of the reactions were of minor to moderate concern; however, 1 death was reported. Three hundred and thirty-two (91% of all reactions) were reported as ventral midline pruritus or edema (10% of all doses). Fifteen (0.45%) were transient injection site swelling and/or stiffness. Eleven horses (0.33%) developed limb edema. Eyelid edema was reported in 4 horses (0.12%). Two horses (0.06%) had ...
Skeletal disease in a hypothyroid foal. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a 5-month-old Thorough-bred colt by clinical and clinico-pathology examinations, thyroid stimulating hormone response test and by microscopic evaluation of the thyroid gland. Skeletal lesions included delayed appearance of ossification centers and delayed development of bone in cartilage models, delayed closure of epiphyseal plates, transverse trabeculation in metaphyses, osteochondrosis dissecans and subchondral cysts.
Cynoglossum officinale (hound’s-tongue)–a cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses. The death of 10 horses was attributed to feeding dried grass hay containing hound's-tongue, Cynoglossum officinale. Affected horses developed weight loss, icterus, photosensitization, and hepatic encephalopathy. Histologic examination of the liver of 3 of the horses revealed megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis characteristic of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. Hound's-tongue was found to contain large quantities (0.6% to 2.1%, dry matter basis) of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which, when fed to a pony for 20 days, caused liver fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia.
[Twin pregnancy in mares]. A number of findings on twin pregnancies in mares recently reported in the literature are evaluated in the present paper. From these findings it emerges that twin pregnancies in mares very rarely develop from a synchronous (less than 2 days apart) double ovulation but rather from an asynchronous (much greater than 2 days apart) double ovulation. The significance of these findings in daily practice is pointed out. Moreover, it was found that in more than 50 per cent of the cases in which twin pregnancies had been diagnosed about day 20, one embryo had died by day 36. From this fact it is conclu...
Persistent vaginal haemorrhage in five mares caused by varicose veins of the vaginal wall. Persistent bleeding from the vulva was the only presenting clinical sign in five non-pregnant pluriparous mares varying in age from eight to 20 years. These were two hunter types, one shire, one thoroughbred and one Arab pony. The haemorrhage originated from ulcerated varicose veins present on the dorsal wall of the vagina adjacent to the vestibulovaginal junction. All five mares were successfully treated, by submucosal resection (two), ligation of vessels (two) or diathermy (one). In four mares there was evidence of vulval incompetence caused by depression of the perineum. The importance of t...
Surgical management of proximal articular fracture of the patella in a horse. A patellar fracture was identified radiographically in the right stifle of a mature Tennessee Walking Horse stallion. The horse was markedly lame (grade IV/V) on the right hindlimb. Due to the articular nature and small size of the fragment, surgical removal via arthrotomy was selected. A dorsomedial approach to the femoropatellar joint was used. The horse recovered well and has returned to training as a show horse by 8 months following surgery.
