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Topic:Case Reports
Case reports in equine medicine provide detailed accounts of individual horses' clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, treatments, and outcomes. These reports are valuable for documenting rare conditions, novel treatment approaches, or unique clinical insights that may not be captured in larger studies. By focusing on individual cases, these reports contribute to the broader understanding of equine health and disease management. They often include comprehensive information on the horse's history, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up evaluations. This page assembles peer-reviewed case reports and scholarly articles that explore diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into specific medical scenarios and their implications for veterinary practice.
Atypical salmonellosis in horses: fever and depression without diarrhea. Salmonellosis in horses may result in fever, anorexia, and depression without concurrent diarrhea or other obvious gastrointestinal abnormalities and should be considered in cases of fever of unknown origin. The syndrome also is characterized by neutropenia, usually with a left shift, and growth of small numbers of salmonella from feces cultured in selenite enrichment broth. Repeated culturing may be necessary to isolate the organism. All six affected horses of this report recovered in 3 to 7 days without specific therapy.
A preliminary report on the use of warfarin in the treatment of navicular disease. Twenty horses suffering from navicular disease were treated with warfarin given orally. The dosage was to effect, to give a 2 to 4 second prolongation of the one stage prothrombin time (OSPT). Dosage was initially at a rate of 0.018 mg/kg, changing the dose by amounts of 20 per cent until the required dose was achieved. Final dose rates varied from 0.012 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg. All the cases treated received warfarin daily throughout the trial. Seventeen of the animals became sound and the remaining 3 showed a marked improvement in their gait. The mean of the ages of the horses was 7.5 years, the...
An equine fetal monster dicephalus tetrapus dibrachius. Double monsters are structurally related to monozygotic twins and the reported frequency of these abnormalities in the equine species is low. Symmetrical, double development in both the cephalic region and caudal trunk was demonstrated along with a common undeveloped cervical mass. Anomalies found in the separate genito-urinary systems added another variant to this case.
A light and electron microscopic study of a normal adrenal medulla and a pheochromocytoma from a horse. The outer medullary (juxtacortical) zone of a normal equine adrenal gland had columnar chromaffin-positive cells arranged with their long axes perpendicular to fine vascular channels. The deeper medullary regions were composed of smaller irregularly round to polygonal chromaffin positive cells in small packets. Both cell types contained two types of membrane-bound cytoplasmic secretory granules. Osmiophilic granules with a homogeneous core, crenated membrane and narrow submembranous halo predominated in the columnar juxtacortical cells. The rounder, central medullary cells contained predominan...
[Cutaneous leukemia in a horse (author’s transl)]. The case of a 16-year-old mare with multiple dermal lymphosarcoma of the histiolymphocytic type is described. Leukaemic changes were not found to be present in the superficial and internal lymph nodes or in the visceral organs.
A review of third phalanx fractures in the horse: sixty-five cases. Sixty-five cases of third phalanx (P3) fracture were retrieved from 20,638 case records at Michigan State University's Veterinary Clinical Center between Feb 1, 1964 and July 1, 1977. The fractures were classified by anatomic location, using a numbering system. Data from case records indicated the most common P3 fracture involved the articular surface of the coffin joint (53 of 65 cases; 81.5%). The greatest occurrence of P3 fracture was in Standardbreds (31 of 65 cases). Thirty-three of the 65 fractures were in geldings of all breeds; 57 of the cases were distributed among racing horses of fo...
Torsion of the uterus–a cause of colic in the mare. A case of uterine torsion in a mare with colic is described in which an early diagnosis was made and the torsion successfully reduced through a standing laparotomy with survival of both the mare and the foal. This case is used to stress the importance of thorough examination of all pregnant mares with colic in order to differentiate uterine torsion from other causes of abdominal pain, thereby avoiding delay in surgical correction and reducing the risk of fetal and/or maternal death. The advantages of the standing laparotomy are presented in support of this method of treatment of torsion of the...
Cystic lymphangioma in a colt. A 6-month-old Morgan colt was examined because of preputial edema and multiple nodular masses in the left inguinal region. A tentative diagnosis of lymphatic hamartoma was made on the basis of initial biopsy findings. The prognosis for surgical excision was poor due to the progressive expansile growth of the tumor. Secondary infectious complications developed, and the colt was euthanatized at the owner's request. An abdominal and retroperitoneal mass was seen at postmortem examination. The mass was adherent to the left lumbar musculature, the craniodorsal aspect of the pelvic inlet, the midjej...
Surgical decompression for traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation in a weanling filly. A filly with ataxia and splinting and crepitation in the neck was found to have atlantoaxial subluxation. Radiographic diagnosis was based on the same criteria as those used in other species, ie, increased distance between the atlas and spine of the axis and increased distance between the dens and floor of the atlas. Extensive hemilaminectomy was performed to decompress the spinal cord. Stabilization was not attempted. Immediate postoperative response was encouraging, but the untimely death of the filly prevented further evaluation of the procedure.
Abdominal cryptorchidectomy in the horse, using inguinal extension of the gubernaculum testis. Removal of abdominal testes was accomplished in 32 horses ranging in age from 6 to 72 months. Twenty were unilateral and 12 were bilateral abdominal cryptorchids. An incision was made over the superficial inguinal ring, and the extension of the gubernaculum testis was identified and grasped with forceps. Traction was applied to this structure until the vaginal process was everted beyond the superficial inguinal ring. The vaginal process was incised and the protruding structure, usually the epididymis, was grasped. The testis was drawn out by gentle traction on the epididymis, and castration wa...
[Congenital tricuspid atresia in a premature foal (author’s transl)]. A case of tricuspid atresia in a premature foal associated with large atrial septal and ventricular septal defects is reported. This anomaly is compared with other cases in horses as reported in the literature. As tricuspid atresia in horses is usually not diagnosed so that relatively few cases have been reported, a classification similar to that of human anomalies is not possible. It is suggested that the present malformation is due to abnormal development of the atrioventricular canal. The factors involved in the pathogenesis of this abnormal development are obscure.
Neuritis of the cauda equina, a chronic idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in the horse. Four cases of neuritis of the cauda equina (NCE) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Examination of sacral intradural rootlets revealed inflammatory cell infiltrates and an array of myelinated fiber changes which included myelin stripping by invading mononuclear cells and macrophages, as well as splitting and vesiculation of myelin lamellae without obvious participation by leukocytes. More distally in the extradural roots, there was marked granulomatous inflammation, and demyelinative changes were overshadowed by widespread evidence of irreversible axon damage. In all cases, unusual...
Chronic nephritis in a pony. The clinical and pathological features of a case of chronic nephritis in a 17-year-old pony was described. Measurement of fluid intake and laboratory analysis of sequential blood and urine samples helped in establishing an accurate diagnosis. The case demonstrates that although chronic renal disease is not well documented in the horse it should nevertheless be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions characterised by progressive loss of weight.
An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism. The authors analyse data collected over 23 years from 500 cryptorchid horses. They show that left- and right-sided abdominal cases occur with approximately equal frequency in ponies. Approximately half the right-sided unilateral abdominal cases have the epididymal tail descended while only 20 per cent of the left-sided cases do. These findings are briefly discussed. From their analysis of inguinal cryptorchidism the authors conclude that it is a relatively more complex phenomenon with incidence changing with age as well as breed. Right-sided retention predominates in young ponies, probably bei...
A case of carpal intersynovial fistula in a horse. A tentative diagnosis of a fistula between the tendon sheaths of the right extensor carpi radialis and the intercarpal joint was confirmed by positive contrast radiography following injection of sodium diatrizoate into the joint. Surgical removal of a tag of synovial membrane and repair of the fistula was carried out. Post surgical treatment included mild exercise to prevent adhesions within the sheath. A month following discharge, contrast radiography revealed no communication between joint and tendon sheath. At this time mild distension of the sheath was relieved by aspiration and it did not...
Ascending urinary tract infection in ponies. Two young ponies had the prescrotal portion of their penises accidentally amputated during castration. They both developed ascending urinary tract infections over the next 4 weeks. One pony had a necrotising cystitis and pyelonephritis, the other improved markedly after a urethrostomy had been performed but was destroyed several months later.
An outbreak of eosinophilic bronchitis in horses possibly associated with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection. Eight mature horses which had been affected with a moist cough for six weeks were found to have large numbers of eosinophils in tracheal mucus samples taken by transtracheal washing. These horses were kept on irrigated pasture and fed a hay-free diet. A companion yearling donkey was found to be passing Dictyocaulus arnfieldi larvae in its faeces. Two oral treatments with a dose of thiabendazole (440 mg/kg) resulted in the resolution of the clinical signs and the disappearance of eosinophils from transtracheal washings. The eosinophilic bronchitis seen in these horses was presumed to be a manif...
