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Topic:Clinical Findings
Clinical findings in horses encompass a range of observable signs and symptoms identified during veterinary examinations that contribute to diagnosing and managing equine health conditions. These findings can include physical observations, such as changes in behavior, posture, or gait, as well as physiological measurements like heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. Diagnostics may also involve laboratory tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures to assess organ function and detect abnormalities. Recognizing and interpreting clinical findings are essential components of veterinary practice, aiding in the identification of diseases, monitoring treatment progress, and guiding therapeutic interventions. This page brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, interpretations, and implications of clinical findings in the context of equine health care.
Enlargements of the distal third metacarpus and metatarsus in Thoroughbred foals at pasture from birth to 160 days of age. To assess the relationship between the radiographic and microscopic appearance of the physeal regions of the distal third metacarpal (Mc3) and metatarsal (Mt3) bones of Thoroughbred foals at 160 days of age, and to clinically assess changes in contour of the distal Mc3 and Mt3 physeal regions from birth to 160 days of age. To assess relationships between maximum clinical physis scores and age, time of year, foal's sex, condition score, growth rate, copper (Cu) concentration in the liver of the foal, and supplementation of the dam with Cu in late gestation. Methods: Dams were given Cu (n=5 and ...
Use of color Doppler echocardiography to assess the development of valvular regurgitation in Standardbred trotters. To evaluate the incidence and development of valvular regurgitation and its effect on racing performance in Standardbred trotters from 2 to 3.5 years of age. Methods: Longitudinal observational study. Methods: 103 horses. Methods: Horses were examined via echocardiographic imaging 4 times at 6-month intervals. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic examinations were performed in each horse, and color Doppler imaging was used to detect and evaluate regurgitant blood flow at each valve. Results: For all cardiac valves, the frequency of valvular regurgitation increased significantly during ...
Musculoskeletal problems associated with lameness and poor performance among horses used for barrel racing: 118 cases (2000-2003). To identify types of musculoskeletal problems associated with lameness or poor performance in horses used for barrel racing. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 118 horses. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical and lameness examination findings, diagnostic tests performed, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: Most horses were examined because of lameness (n = 72 [61%]) rather than poor performance (46 [39%]), but owner complaint was not significantly associated with age or body weight of the horse. The most common performance change was ...
Membrane switch hypothesis. 2. Domain structure of phagocytes in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. The mechanism of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses was investigated by measuring the membrane domain structure and oxy-redoxy activity in phagocytes isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and from the blood of healthy and RAO horses by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Differences in the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, and SOD measured in phagocytes of RAO horses in comparison to healthy horses showed that the phagocytes were affected by oxidative stress. In comparison with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (phagocytes) from the blood of healthy hor...
Controlling interrelationships of progesterone/LH and estradiol/LH in mares. The interrelationships of progesterone, estradiol, and LH were studied in mares (n=9), beginning at the first ovulation (Day 0) of an interovulatory interval. An increase in mean progesterone concentrations began on Day 0 and reached maximum on Day 6, with luteolysis beginning on Day 14. A common progesterone threshold concentration of about 2 ng/ml for a negative effect on LH occurred at the beginning and end of the luteal phase. Progesterone and LH concentrations decreased at a similar rate from Day 6 until the onset of luteolysis on Day 14, consistent with a decreasing positive effect of LH...
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse: clinical applications. Veterinarians have begun using extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, although relatively little information has been published about its efficacy or mechanism of action. As a clinician, it can be difficult to know if and when ESWT should be recommended. Case studies in which ESWT is used to treat advanced OA in horses are discussed. ESWTseems to be a valuable adjunct for management of equine OA. It is the purpose of this article to discuss indications and techniques as well as to share clinical experiences using ESWT in the treatment of OA in ...
Use of serum amyloid A and other acute phase reactants to monitor the inflammatory response after castration in horses: a field study. Early recognition of excessive inflammation and infectious complications after surgery, leading to early institution of therapy, reduces post operative discomfort and facilitates recovery. Because serum amyloid A (SAA) is a highly sensitive marker of inflammation, measurements of SAA and other acute phase reactants in the equine surgical patient may be valuable in assisting clinical assessment of post operative inflammation. Objective: To investigate changes in inflammatory markers after castration and to correlate levels of acute phase reactants with clinical severity of inflammation after ca...
Two clinical manifestations of desmopathy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the hindlimb of 23 horses. Desmopathy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) in the hindlimb is an unusual cause of lameness in horses, and reports of the condition are sparse. Objective: To describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings, therapy and outcome of 23 horses treated for desmopathy of the ALDDFT in the hindlimb. Methods: Records of 23 horses with ultrasonographic evidence of desmopathy of the ALDDFT in one or both hindlimbs from 3 referral centres were reviewed retrospectively. Age, breed, sex, duration and nature of clinical signs, results of clinical and lameness examinat...
Supernumerary cheek teeth (n = 24): clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcome in 15 horses. There are few reports of case series of horses with supernumerary cheek teeth (SCT) that document clinical findings, treatment and long-term outcome. Objective: To review the clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings and responses to different treatments in horses with SCT. Methods: The case records of 15 horses were reviewed and long-term outcomes obtained by telephone interview. Results: Fifteen horses with a total of 24 SCT were identified. Two SCT were incidental findings and were not treated. Clinical signs were improved or resolved in 11 of 13 of the teeth treated conservatively and all...
Randomized, controlled study of inhaled fluticasone propionate, oral administration of prednisone, and environmental management of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. To determine whether administration of glucocorticoids provides additional benefits to environmental management of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Methods: 28 horses with RAO. Methods: Horses were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe RAO. Within each category, horses were randomly assigned to receive inhaled fluticasone propionate, inhaled control substance, or oral administration of prednisone. During the 4-week study, horses were maintained outdoors and fed a pelleted feed. Clinical scores, pulmonary function, results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lava...
Retrospective study on vulvar conformation in relation to endometrial cytology and fertility in thoroughbred mares. Changes in the conformation of the vulva predispose the mare to uterine infection. Vulvoplasty for closure of the upper vulvar lips improves fertility. Not all mares are resutured after parturition, but are resutured after mating. No clinical data have hitherto been published on the reproductive outcome in mares that are resutured or not after parturition. The objectives of the present study were to investigate relationships between vulvar status (not Caslick-operated, group A; previously Caslick-operated and/or not resutured after the last parturition, groups B and C respectively) and endomet...
Fractures sustained by racehorses in Japan during flat racing with special reference to track condition and racing time. The purpose of this report is to describe the results of epidemiological surveys of racing-related fractures in Thoroughbred horses in Japan. In the period 1987-2000, a total of 10,203 fractures were diagnosed in 556,705 runners, resulting in an overall incidence of 1.83%. The annual incidence of fractures in flat racing during the 14-year period fluctuated between 1.44% and 2.19%. The majority of fractures affected the forelimbs. We found significant effects of track condition on injury incidence. The incidence of fractures decreased as track conditions on turf became softer and increased as ...
Neonatal isoerythrolysis in horse foals and a mule foal: 18 cases (1988-2003). To assess data regarding clinical features, clinicopathologic and blood gas variables, and outcome from horse and mule foals with confirmed neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI). Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 17 horse and 1 mule foals. Methods: Medical records of foals (< 14 days old) with NI were reviewed. Information collected included signalment; clinical examination findings; results of hematologic, serum and plasma biochemical, and venous blood gas analyses and urinalysis; treatments; and outcome. Results: Data from 17 horse foals and 1 mule foal with NI (mean age, 71 hours) were e...
Cutaneous lymphosarcoma in a stallion. Multiple cutaneous lymphosarcomas were diagnosed in an 8-year-old Thoroughbred stallion presented for evaluation of lumps on its scrotum. Histological examination of skin biopsy samples showed a homogenous pattern of lymphoid tissue suggestive of a T-cell lymphosarcoma. Immuno-histochemical tests showed a positive reaction to Rabbit/Anti-Human T-Cell, CD3 antibodies confirming T-cell lymphosarcoma. The animal was not treated and was subsequently euthanased.
[Eosinophilic keratitis in a horse]. In this case report a 20-year-old horse with unilateral eosinophilic keratitis is presented. The occurrence, clinical symptoms, histological findings and treatment of this ocular disorder are described and discussed against the background of relevant literature. Local administration of 0.1% dexamethason was successful.
Serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity in horses with right or left dorsal displacements of the large colon. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that horses with right dorsal displacement of the large colon (RDDLC) have elevations in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity when compared with horses with left dorsal displacement of the large colon (LDDLC). Medical records from 37 horses with RDDLC and 48 horses with LDDLC were reviewed. Horses were included for study if the RDDLC or LDDLC was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy or postmortem examination and if a serum GGT measurement was obtained within 24 hours before surgery. The proportion of horses with GGT activity within...
Radiographic diagnosis: foreign body in the distal interphalangeal joint. No abstract available
Surgical correction of ear curling caused by scar tissue formation in a horse. An 18-month-old Belgian Warmblood mare was evaluated because it had injured the outer convex aspect of the left auricle. Second intention healing of the wound area caused tissue contracture, which resulted in the tip of the ear curling backward. By use of a technique involving undermining of the skin and a flap of granulation tissue on the medial aspect of the wound area and multiple incisions of the auricular cartilage, the curling was relieved and the ear regained a more normal shape. A skin graft was applied to cover the existing wound defect in an attempt to accelerate wound healing; therm...
Effect of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid on the renal clearance of electrolytes in healthy neonatal foals. To determine the effects of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid (IERF) on weight, serum and urine electrolyte concentrations, and other clinicopathologic variables in healthy neonatal foals. Methods: 4 healthy 4-day-old foals. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: An IERF was administered to each foal at an estimated rate of 80 mL/kg/d (36.4 mL/lb/d) for 24 hours. Body weight was measured before and after the infusion period. Urine was collected via catheter during 4-hour periods; blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals. Variables including urine production;...
Hematuria associated with cystic hematomas in three neonatal foals. Cystic hematomas were diagnosed in 3 neonatal foals. In all 3 foals, cystic hematomas resulted from umbilical trauma or thrombocytopenia. Findings in these foals suggest that cystic hematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of hematuria in neonatal foals. Management of cystic hematomas includes both medical and surgical options.
Gastric ulcer development in horses in a simulated show or training environment. To determine whether conditions representing activities that are typical in the recreational use of horses, including transport to and from show grounds, stall confinement in unfamiliar surroundings, and light exercise, are associated with increased incidence of gastric ulcers in horses. Methods: Randomized controlled study. Methods: 20 client-owned horses. Methods: Horses had no gastric ulcers as determined by endoscopic examination on study day -1. Ten control horses were maintained on-site with no changes in management variables. Ten horses were transported via trailer for 4 hours on day 0 ...
Epidural migration of new methylene blue in 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 2% mepivacaine solution following injection into the first intercoccygeal space in foal cadavers and anesthetized foals undergoing laparoscopy. To determine the relationship between epidural cranial migration and injectate volume of an isotonic solution containing dye in laterally recumbent foal cadavers and evaluate the cranial migration and dermatome analgesia of an epidural dye solution during conditions of laparoscopy in foals. Methods: 19 foal cadavers and 8 pony foals. Methods: Foal cadavers received an epidural injection of dye solution (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 mL/kg) containing 1.2 mg of new methylene blue (NMB)/mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Length of the dye column and number of intervertebral spaces cranial and caudal t...
