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Topic:Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology in horses involves the study and analysis of biological samples to diagnose and monitor diseases and health conditions. This discipline encompasses various laboratory tests and procedures that assess the physiological and biochemical status of equines. Common analyses include hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, and cytology, each providing insights into different aspects of equine health. Hematology evaluates blood components, such as red and white blood cells and platelets, to identify conditions like anemia or infection. Biochemistry tests measure enzymes, electrolytes, and metabolites to assess organ function and metabolic status. Urinalysis examines urine samples for indicators of renal function and systemic diseases. Cytology involves the microscopic examination of cells from tissues or fluids to detect abnormalities. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, applications, and diagnostic value of clinical pathology in equine medicine.
Changes in blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio related to adrenocortical function in the horse. Blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and plasma cortisol levels were measured before and after (1) the injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1-24) in 8 Thoroughbreds and (2) exercise in 5 Thoroughbreds in training. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased within 60 mins of injection of ACTH1-24 and immediately after exercise. The mean neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio altered significantly (P less than 0.01) at 240 mins after ACTH1-24 administration and at 180 mins after a training gallop. A transient lymphocytosis occurred following exercise.
[Sarcocystis bertrami Doflein, 1901, a sarcosporidia of the horse. Equus caballus]. No abstract available
Serum protein electrophoresis in horses and ponies. A method of electrophoresis of horse serum on agarose gels (pH 8.6) is described, together with a system for interpreting changes in the electrophoretic zones based upon the relative distribution of the major serum proteins. Differences in the protein composition of the individual electrophoretic zones of horses and ponies were recorded, although this variation probably reflects differences in management and the presence of subclinical disease.
Glutathione peroxidase and selenium in the blood of healthy horses and foals affected by muscular dystrophy. When blood selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in 30 standardbred horses a significant correlation was found (r = 0.97). A comparison between blood GSH-px activity in clinically healthy foals, foals affected by muscular dystrophy (MD) and their respective mares was also done. There was no difference in GSH-px activity between the healthy foals and the MD foals or between the corresponding mares.
Development of Sarcocystis fayeri in the equine. Eight ponies and a horse were inoculated orally with sporocysts of Sarcocystis fayeri from dogs. They were examined for clinical signs of infection and killed 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50 (horse), 77, 101, and 156 days after inoculation (DAI). Elevated temperature was observed in three ponies 20 and 26 DAI and anemia was observed in three ponies and the horse 15 to 69 DAI. Schizonts were found in or near cells lining capillaries or arteries of the heart, brain, and kidney 10, 20, and 25 DAI. Immature cysts containing only metrocytes were first found in muscles 50 DAI. Mature intramuscular cysts cont...
Clinical bronchography in the horse: development of a method using barium sulphate powder. A method for performing bronchography in standing nonanaesthetized horses was developed. Bronchography was performed by insufflating the previously intubated trachea with a mixture of 120 to 200 g of finely powdered barium sulphate mixed with 3 to 7 g of powdered methyl cellulose. The mixture was delivered from an ether vaporiser into which compressed air was blown. Premedication with atropine sulphate immediately before insufflation minimised bronchoconstriction. Satisfactory bronchograms with contrast visible down to the seventh and eighth bronchial divisions were obtained in 80 per cent of ...
Connective tissue composition of the equine sarcoid. The connective tissue composition and organisation of the "equine sarcoid" was compared with that of normal adult equine skin to determine whether the cells which produce their respective connective tissue matrices show similar biosynthetic characteristics. No major qualitative difference could be found between the collagen compositions of skin and sarcoid material, although the organisation into fibres of Type III collagen in the sarcoid was markedly greater than that of skin.
Mononuclear phagocytes of peritoneal fluid. Cells in the peritoneal fluid from 179 horses were examined in Giemsa stained preparations using light microscopy. Mononuclear phagocytes were a common cell type observed in normal fluids. In the absence of stimulation they were morphologically similar to the peripheral blood monocyte and the unstimulated mesothelial cell. In acute inflammatory effusions their proportion decreased significantly but, as the condition resolved, monocytes began to migrate into the cavity gradually becoming more numerous, transforming into larger macrophages and assuming an increasing phagocytic role. They were of...
Multiple congenital heart anomalies in five Arabian foals. Five Arabian or half-Arabian foals with suspected multiple cardiac anomalies were examined. Various combinations of clinical examination, electrocardiography, angiocardiography, cardiac catheterization, blood gas analysis, radiography, and echocardiography resulted in clinical data that allowed accurate antemortem diagnoses to be made. In 4 cases, the clinical diagnosis was substantiated by postmortem findings. The confirmed diagnoses were: pseudotruncus arteriosus, a combination of patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, and tricuspid stenosis, pentalogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia....
A comparison of chemical and electrophoretic methods of serum protein determinations in clinically normal domestic animals of various ages. The biuret total protein method and a bromcresol green (BCG) albumin method were used on the Abbott ABA-100 chemistry analyzer to assay serum proteins in clinically normal cattle, sheep, ponies, pigs, and ducks. Total proteins were also read on a refractometer and mylar supported cellulose acetate electrophoresis was performed. Globulins and A/G ratios were calculated from the chemical method and the results compared with the electrophoretic method. Total protein, albumin and A/G ratios in the ponies, sheep and older cattle were in agreement between the two methods. The younger cattle and all ...
Prognostic value of endometrial biopsy in the mare: a retrospective analysis. A retrospective analysis was made of 79 endometrial biopsy specimens obtained from mares with histories of infertility. The specimens were classified into 3 standard prognostic categories, according to the severity of the histologic changes. The 36 mares that had few endometrial lesions (category I) had a foaling rate of 78%. The 29 mares that had more severe endometrial changes (category II) had a foaling rate of 55%. The 14 mares with the most severe endometrial lesions (category III) had a foaling rate of 35%. The pregnancy losses for each category were 9.7%, 23.8%, and 44.4%, respectively....
Electrophysiologic studies of the thoracic limb of the horse. The cutaneous innervation of the thoracic limb was investigated in 18 barbiturate-anesthetized horses, using electrophysiologic techniques. The cutaneous area (CA) innervated by each cutaneous nerve was delineated in at least 4 horses by stroking the hairs with a small watercolor brush while recording from the nerve. Mapping of adjacent CA revealed areas of considerable overlap. The part of a CA of a given nerve supplied only by that nerve is referred to as its autonomous zone (AZ). In contrast to the standard textbook illustrations cutaneous branches of the axillary, radial, musculocutaneous,...
The onset and consequences of tarsal bone fractures in foals. Fractures of the central tarsal and/or third tarsal bones involving both limbs of six foals are described. Five of the subjects were born either premature or of twin pregnancies. Fractures occurred in the neonatal period and coincided with disablement. Features of behaviour, posture and gait are described, together with gross radiographic findings, bone ash determination and blood chemistry. Lesions observed on the articular faces of tarsal bones recovered from adult horses may have originated during the neonatal-period.
