Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
A rapid, non-invasive method for measuring total respiratory impedance in the horse. Total respiratory impedance was measured rapidly and noninvasively in conscious horses over the frequency range 3 to 40 Hz by the forced random noise method. The shape of curve of impedance versus frequency in horses was markedly different from that of humans. Respiratory resistance was readily found as the real part of impedence and both its absolute value and frequency dependence are useful indices of pulmonary function. It was difficult to obtain meaningful results in intubated animals with the method because of the mechanical properties of the endotracheal tube itself.
Evaluation of total plasma bile acid concentrations for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in horses. Plasma bile acid concentrations were measured in normal horses. There was no diurnal variation in values, and age and sex had no effect. There was no significant difference between serum and plasma bile acid concentrations in clinically normal horses. Plasma bile acids were stable on storage for one month at -20 degrees C. The total plasma bile acid concentrations together with total and direct bilirubin concentrations and plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate and iditol dehydrogenase were evaluated in horses with various types of hepatobiliary disease (hepatic necrosis, l...
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), developed in 1984, was the result of further studies on in vitro fertilization (IVF). Since that time many nurses have worked in settings near in vitro fertilization centers and, therefore, have a basic understanding of the technology. An overview is given of the GIFT procedure to prepare nurses to advise and refer couples who may qualify for GIFT and to highlight the shift in the fertility program nurse coordinator's functions toward the positions of administrator and consultant.
Mechanism of exercise-induced hypoxemia in horses. Arterial hypoxemia has been reported in horses during heavy exercise, but its mechanism has not been determined. With the use of the multiple inert gas elimination technique, we studied five horses, each on two separate occasions, to determine the physiological basis of the hypoxemia that developed during horizontal treadmill exercise at speeds of 4, 10, 12, and 13-14 m/s. Mean, blood temperature-corrected, arterial PO2 fell from 89.4 Torr at rest to 80.7 and 72.1 Torr at 12 and 13-14 m/s, respectively, whereas corresponding PaCO2 values were 40.3, 40.3, and 39.2 Torr. Alveolar-arterial PO2 di...
Plasma plasminogen concentrations in clinically normal horses: the effect of age, sex and pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of plasminogen were determined in 28 clinically normal horses, including 13 adult geldings, five non-pregnant mares, five pregnant mares and five yearlings (two fillies, three geldings). Plasminogen was quantitated by a chromogenic assay based on activation of plasmin by excess urokinase. The overall mean plasma plasminogen for these horses was 2.94 +/- 0.54 CTA units (casein units, as defined by the Committee on Thrombolytic Agents) per ml. There were no significant differences in mean plasma plasminogen values among adult geldings, non-pregnant mares, pregnant mares or ...
[Anesthesia of horses in the standing position]. Painful interventions can be performed on horse in standing position by means of sedative analgesia, also called standing-position anaesthesia. Combinations of anaesthetics are quite often used, in that context, for the purpose of producing analgetic effects stronger and more reliable than those that would be obtainable from one anaesthetic alone. The following combinations were comparatively tested for their analgetic and sedative effects and their effects upon the organism: Chloralhydrate with Ursonarkon (oxazolidone), Chloralhydrate with Rompun (xylazine), Chloralhydrate with morphine hydro...
Myoelectric activity of the cecum and right ventral colon in female ponies. The myoelectric activity of the cecum and right ventral colon (RVC) was studied in 4 female ponies. Eight, bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes were sequentially placed on the seromuscular layer of the cecum (6 electrodes) and RVC (2 electrodes), and recordings were begun 14 days after surgery. The myoelectric activity for each pony was recorded during 12, 60-minute recording sessions done during the interdigestive period (3 to 7 hours after the morning feeding). Coordinated series of spike bursts were recognized as independent motility patterns in the cecum and in the RVC. Local haustra-haustra myoelec...
Down-regulation of testicular aromatization in the horse. A single i.m. injection of testosterone (750 mg of testosterone bexahydrobenzoate) or i.v. injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (10,000 IU) was given to geldings and stallions. Levels of unconjugated and conjugated (after solvolysis) androgens and estrogens were measured in blood and urine samples taken daily from the day of injection (D0) to the tenth day post-injection (D10). In the stallion, both treatments resulted in a sharp increase of plasma estrogens, which peaked one day before the androgen levels. Our results confirmed the testicular localization of a potent aromatase, wh...
Enterotomy technique in the descending colon of the horse. Effect of location and suture pattern. To compare the effects of placing enterotomy incisions on or off the antimesenteric teniae and closing the intestinal mucosa as a separate layer, four longitudinal enterotomies were performed in the descending colon of each of six horses by the following techniques: incision through the antimesenteric teniae with one- and two-layer closure, and incision adjacent to the teniae with one- and two-layer closure. The horses were necropsied at day 33 for evidence of obstruction, adhesions, and ultrasonographic determination of the percent reduction in lumen diameter. Histologic and histomorphometric...
ELISA detection of fentanyl in horse urine and plasma. The prototype of a commercial ELISA test kit designed for fentanyl determination in human urine has been evaluated for screening fentanyl in horse urine and plasma. The measurement of fentanyl after intravenous (2 mg) and intramuscular (0.25 mg) administration in undiluted plasma was not reproducible while accurate quantification of fentanyl in urine greatly depends on the composition of the horse urine. The ELISA assay, however, is simple and could be successfully used for quantitative measurements in diluted urine and for rapid qualitative screening for fentanyl in large numbers of urine sam...
A comparison of methods for proximal palmar metacarpal analgesia in horses. Three techniques for inducing analgesia of the proximal metacarpal region were evaluated for the frequency of inadvertent injection into the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints. Using methylene blue solution as a marker dye and 30 fresh cadaver specimens each, three clinicians performed either 30 infiltrations at the origin of the suspensory ligament (method A), 30 palmar and palmar metacarpal nerve blocks at the proximal end of the metacarpus (method B), or 30 palmar and palmar metacarpal nerve blocks at the distal aspect of the accessory carpal bone (method C). The frequency of inadvert...
Development of an equine nuclear medicine facility for gamma camera imaging. A nuclear medicine facility constructed specifically for the application of a gamma camera system to the radioisotope imaging of bone, pulmonary circulation and ventilation in the horse is described. The gamma camera was previously used for human nuclear medicine, and a support for the gamma camera head was specifically designed for this work. Imaging protocols are suggested and the necessary materials for bone and lung studies are described. Images of bone and lung are shown and computer analysis of the data indicated. Imaging times are approximately 1 to 2 mins and typical bone and lung stud...
Predictive utility of pre-partum temperature changes in the mare. Rectal temperature was recorded from 22 mares at 0700, 1500 and 2300 h daily for seven days pre-partum and one day post partum. A circadian variation in rectal temperature was present with the lowest temperature recorded at 0700 h. Because of this, the mares were divided into three groups based on time of parturition; those foaling between 0700 and 1500 h (n = 2); between 1500 and 2300 h (n = 13); and between 2300 and 0700 h (n = 7). On the day prior to delivery (Day -1) the circadian pattern was absent because the nocturnal increase did not occur. A significant decrease in temperature was rec...
Induction of equine postanesthetic myositis after halothane-induced hypotension. Wick catheters were used to measure intracompartmental pressures of the extensor carpi radialis muscles and long heads of the triceps brachii muscles of 7 horses maintained under halothane anesthesia during controlled ventilation. Horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency on a water bed for 4 hours. Using a crossover design, 6 of the 7 horses were subjected to normotensive and hypotensive anesthesia on separate occasions. Hypotension was achieved by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Hematologic and biochemical measurements were determined at designated intervals before, ...
Osteochondral fragments within the dorsal pouch or dorsal joint capsule of the proximal intertarsal joint of the horse. The anatomy of the dorsal pouch of the proximal intertarsal joint (PIJ) and its communication with the tarsocrural joint (TCJ) was studied in 15 pairs of hocks from young and mature horses. The mediolateral length of the TCJ-PIJ fenestration was 14 to 29 mm. The potential volume of the dorsal pouch of the PIJ was 3 to 5 ml, and a recess extended 10 to 28 mm medial to the medial commissure of the TCJ-PIJ fenestration. In a correlated clinical study, osteochondral fragments were identified radiographically within the dorsal pouch (category 1) or dorsal joint capsule (category 2) of the PIJ in 17...
Thyroid hormone periodicity in healthy adult geldings. Serum samples were collected from 10 healthy geldings every 4 h for three consecutive days and the triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay. There were significant differences in the hormone concentrations related to time. The mean (+/- sd) T3 concentration peaked around 08.00 h at a level (54.06 +/- 14.02 ng/dl) significantly (P less than .001) higher than the lowest concentration (38.71 +/- 10.81 ng/dl) around midnight. Although the highest mean T3 level was 08.00 h, this value was not significantly different from the noon and 16.00 h levels. Lik...
Isolation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from a foal with diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was isolated from a 3-day-old foal with diarrhea. The isolate was distinguished from nonpathogenic E coli by determining the presence of pili and enterotoxin production. A standard slide agglutination test was performed, using pooled antisera that contained antibodies against K99 and F41 pilus antigens, K87 capsular antigen, and 0101 somatic antigen. Agglutination of the antisera occurred in the presence of the isolate. Piliation was verified by use of negative-contrast electron microscopy. Further, the isolate produced a heat-labile enterotoxin-like antigen th...
Etiologic agents, incidence, and improved diagnostic methods of cantharidin toxicosis in horses. In addition to the 3-striped blister beetles (Epicauta temexa and E occidentalis), other sources of equine cantharidin toxicosis were identified at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and included E albida and E attrivittata and the previously incriminated E pardalis and E pennsylvanica. Improved methods for diagnosing cantharidin or blister beetle toxicosis involve partial purification of urine and gastric content extracts, using silica cartridges, followed by analysis, using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. During a 26-month period, 53 episodes of cantharidin to...
Efficacy of intrauterine infusion of plasma for treatment of infertility and endometritis in mares. We evaluated the efficacy of intrauterine plasma infusion in mares as a treatment for infertility caused by endometritis and distinguished the effects of intrauterine infusion of plasma vs saline solution. Forty-three subfertile mares were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: untreated controls (n = 14), those treated by saline infusion (n = 14), and those treated by plasma infusion (n = 15). Reproductive status was assessed daily by transrectal ultrasonography. Uterine aspirates and biopsy specimens were obtained 8 days after ovulation for cytologic and histologic evaluation, and mar...
Effect of subchondral drilling on repair of partial-thickness cartilage defects of third carpal bones in horses. Arthrotomies of middle carpal joints were done on 13 horses, and a 1-cm partial thickness, round defect was made on the radial facet of both third carpal bones. In one joint, 1-mm diameter 1-cm deep holes were drilled within the defect, and one joint was used as a control. horses were assigned to 2 groups--group 1 (n = 6 horses), 5 drill holes; group 2 (n = 7 horses), 11 drill holes. At 1 and 3 weeks after surgery, differences between joints in synovial fluid total protein values, WBC counts, or results of mucin precipitate tests were not significant (P = 0.005). Physically and radiographicall...
Effect of water vapor-saturated air therapy on bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal mucus transport rate in clinically normal horses. Water vapor-saturated air was delivered to 12 healthy, housed horses for 2 hours daily for 5 days. Treatment had no effect on tracheal mucus transport rate, bronchoalveolar lavage total and differential cell counts, blood cell counts, or plasma fibrinogen concentration.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of small-intestinal intussusception in three foals. Small-intestinal intussusceptions were diagnosed in 3 foals. Cross-sectional ultrasonography through the apex of the intussusceptum revealed a target-like pattern with a thick hypoechoic rim. The thick hypoechoic rim was caused by severe edema of the entering and returning walls of the intussusceptum. At the more proximal portion of the intestines, where parietal edema was less severe, the image appeared as 2 concentric rings and an inner circular area. The outer ring and inner circular area were hypoechoic and represented the returning and the entering wall of the intussusceptum. An additiona...
