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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Effect of number and frequency of inseminations on fertility of mares. Data from 257 normally cyclic mares used in trials over a 10-year period were examined to establish the relationship between the number of inseminations per cycle, duration of oestrus and pregnancy rate. Mares that became pregnant were inseminated more (P less than 0.05) frequently per cycle than mares that did not become pregnant (3.4 versus 2.8). First-cycle pregnancy rates of 22.2, 34.0, 38.6, 52.5, 58.3 and 52.2% were attained when mares were inseminated 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 or more times per cycle, respectively. The duration of oestrus in mares that became pregnancy was longer (P less than ...
Effects of injected ovarian steroids on reproductive patterns and performance in post-partum mares. Treatment of foaling mares with 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg oestradiol daily beginning within 12 h of parturition resulted in a delay of ovulation (15.6 +/- 2.6 days compared with 10.3 +/- 2.4 days in untreated mares). When mares were mated after this 5.3-day delay there was no advantage in reproductive performance over that of mares mated according to a conventional management system. Gonadotrophin secretion was inhibited during treatment but the following secretory patterns were similar to those of normal oestrous periods.
A comparison of agents for inducing parturition in mares in the pre-viable and premature periods of gestation. Various regimens of prostaglandins, alone or followed by oxytocin, were given to induce parturition in mares during the pre-viable and premature periods of gestation and in near-term mares. The most successful method of induction was found to be 2 i.m. injections of 500 micrograms fluprostenol (Equimate: I.C.I.) at a 2-h interval followed (if necessary) by 10-20 i.u. oxytocin injected i.v. in 5 i.u. serial increments every 15-20 min. Peak concentrations of the prostaglandin metabolite (PGFM) in response to the inducing agents were shown to be associated with delivery at, but not before, 320 da...
Antibodies to the zona pellucida in mares. Cross-reactivity tests indicated that the equine zona pellucida shares common antigen(s) with porcine zona. Porcine oocytes were therefore used to test for the presence of zona antibodies in the sera of horses. Serum samples were collected from 65 mares infertile for unexplained causes: 7 mares were strongly positive for antibodies reactive to porcine zona pellucida as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence method. Of these 7 mares, aged 8-23 years, 2 were nulliparous and 5 were multiparous. Zona-covered horse oocytes were treated with sera from 4 mares previously identified as zona posi...
The cryo-jaw, a clamp designed for in vitro rheology studies of horse digital flexor tendons. A clamp designed for holding tendons in force/elongation studies is described. No slippage occurred when tensile forces up to 13,800 N were applied to horses digital flexor tendons fixed in this clamp.
Tendon fibromas in 2 horses. FIBROMAS arise from connective tissue and occur in all domestic animals (Smith, Jones and Hunt 1972; Stannard and Pulley 1978). They are most frequently noted in the dermis or subcutis, but may be present wherever connective tissue occurs. In the dermis and subcutis of the horse fibromas are grossly similar to sarcoids and may be difficult to differentiate (Baker and Leyland 1975). Fibromas have been described as tumours of the tendon sheath or tendon proper in man (Flynn 1975), but have not been described in this location in the horse.
Analysis of equine thoracic fluid. Eighteen clinically normal horses were used to study the characteristics of normal thoracic fluid. Thoracic fluid was obtained from each horse and was found to be similar to equine abdominal fluid. Total leukocytes averaged 3994/ul, total protein 1.8 g/dl, and specific gravity 1.015. Analysis of thoracic fluid from 16 horses with clinical signs of thoracic disease showed abnormalities in every case. Thoracic fluid analysis alone determined a specific diagnosis in 50% of the cases.
Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. Part III. Treatment by laryngoplasty. During the years 1971-1979, 127 horses with left laryngeal hemiplegia were studied. The physical characteristics and clinical signs observed in this study were recorded in Part I and Part II of ths series of papers. Of these 127 horses, 81 were treated by the laryngoplasty procedure. Complications of surgery are described and the effects of the operation on respiratory noise and performance are evaluated. In 54.8% of horses the chronic respiratory noise observed during exercise was apparently diminished or eliminated post-operatively. The performance of 44% of horses was apparently improved af...
Stifle lameness in the horse: a survey of 86 referred cases. The clinical and radiological characteristics of stifle lameness in 86 horses are described. The majority of these cases had been lame for some weeks before referral. The most frequent diagnoses made were osteochondrosis dissecans (13 per cent) and subchondral bone cyst (38 per cent). Both of these conditions were seen principally in Thoroughbreds at or before the onset of training. The other bone lesions encountered were osteoarthritis (3 per cent), fractures (4 per cent) and "epiphysitis" (1 per cent). The commonest soft tissue condition was an atypical or partial upward fixation of the pate...
Some aspects of equine embryo transfer. The number of successful embryo recoveries was 56.0% in experimental mares with no history of breeding problems but in barren mares only 34.3% of embryo recovery attempts were successful. When a recovery attempt was successful, the incidence of twin embryos was 10.7% in experimental mares and 16.7% in barren mares. Maintenance of embryos in vitro for greater than 6 h before non-surgical transfer significantly reduced pregnancy rates compared to maintenance for less than 3 h. The pregnancy rate in recipients at 100 days after ovulation was lower (P less than 0.05) than those at 24 and 30 days a...
Purification of horse muscle acylphosphatase antibodies by affinity chromatography. Horse muscle acylphosphatase antibodies were obtained by immunizing rabbits with the highly purified antigen cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Specific antibodies were purified from the immunoglobulin fraction by affinity chromatography using a matrix coupled with the pure antigen as immunoadsorbent. The purified antibodies were partially characterized by immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitin techniques. These antibodies could be used to study aspects of the muscle acylphosphatase structure, localization and other biological properties.
Calcium metabolism in glucocorticoid-treated pony foals. Pony foals were injected intramuscularly with 0, 0.5, or 5.0 mg dexamethasone per 100 kg body weight daily for up to 11 months. True absorption of dietary calcium was inhibited by treatment at 18 days (57% versus 14% of intake; P less than .01) and 10 months (72% versus 55% versus 43%: P less than .01), but not at 2 or 7 months, and was independent of age and treatment related decreases in intestinal calcium binding protein activities. Uninary excretion of calcium was increased by treatment through 7 months but decreased at 10 months. Treatment for 18 days resulted in total calcium excretions ...
[Purification of alpha-1,4 leads to 1,4-glucosyltransferase from horse blood serum]. The purification of alpha-1,4-1,4-glucosyltransferase from the equine serum is presented. Ion-exchange chromatography on DE-11, DE-32 and CM-32 celluloses was applied in the successive steps of isolation. Gel-filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 was the last step of purification; it gave the protein which was homogeneous on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purification degree was of the order 2100 at about 40% yield.
Subchondral cystic and related lesions affecting the equine pedal bone and stifle. Twenty-nine horses were examined over a period of 8 years and found to have cystic lesions in the stifle (14 cases) or pedal bone (15 cases). The lesions are described and illustrated with radiographs. In the stifle 12 lesions were found on the femoral condyles (11 medially and one laterally) and 10 were typical subchondral cysts. One lesion was observed in the tibia and 3 in the patella. Bone cysts wee found unilaterally in the pedal bone (14 in the forelimbs and one in the hindlimb). All but 2 of the horses with lesions in the stifle or pedal bone were lame. The only treatment was rest. For ...
Glucocorticoid suppression of oestrus, follicles, LH and ovulation in the mare. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, was administered (30 mg/day) from Day 10 after ovulation to assess the involvement of the adrenal glands in the ovulatory cycle. Only 1 of 8 mares treated in this way exhibited behavioural oestrus, compared to 7 of 8 control mares. Mean maximum LH concentration and follicle size were significantly reduced. Ovulation occurred in 1 and possibly in 2 other treated mares, compared to all 8 control mares. The results demonstrated that dexamethasone can interfere with ovulation and associated events in the mare, but the mechanism of action is uncertain.
Time relationship between the respiratory cycle and limb cycle in the horse. Techniques developed for the detection and simultaneous recording of certain events in the respiratory and limb cycles are presented. The respiratory cycle and limb cycle were found to be in-phase only at the canter and gallop. The significance of any time relationship between events in respiration and in locomotion is discussed.
