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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Haloxon: critical tests of antiparasitic activity in equids. Critical tests were conducted in 14 naturally infected equids (13 horses and 1 pony) to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of haloxon. Single doses were administered by stomach tube to 3 horses and 1 pony (60 mg/kg of body weight), by addition to the feed of 3 horses (60 mg/kg), and intraorally by powder gun to 7 horses (65 mg/kg). Haloxon was efficacious (99% to 100%) against infections of Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi (mature and immature), and Strongylus vulgaris at both dosage levels. Probstmayria vivipara parasites were removed in 1 horse treated at 60 mg/kg by stomach tube and S equi...
Anthelmintic efficacy fenbendazole paste in equines. A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) paste at 7,5 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 horses. It was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus, Cylicondontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cylicocyclus, Triodontophorus, Oesophagodontus (and other genera belonging to the subfamily Cyathostominae). Similarly, high efficacy was obtained against the adults of the following species: Oxyuris equi, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus and Probstmayria vivipara. These results were confirmed in 12 horses and in addition FBZ at 7,5 mg/kg was highly effective against ...
Pharmacokinetic analysis of intravenously and orally administered quinidine in horses. A pharmacokinetic study was made, using 7 healthy adult horses (weighing between 400 and 560 kg) given quinidine gluconate IV and quinidine sulfate orally. The apparent volume of distribution of quinidine base was 3.10 +/- 0.79 L/kg, total body clearance was 5.49 +/- 2.40 ml/minute/kg, and plasma half-life was 6.65 +/- 3.00 hours. The systemic availability of quinidine sulfate after oral administration of a 10 mg/kg dose was 48.5 +/- 20.4%. Oral administrations of quinidine sulfate in doses of 10 mg/kg and 10 g produced peak plasma concentrations of 0.79 microgram/ml at 146 minutes and 1.47 mi...
Effect of excessive exposure to sodium fluoride on composition and crystallinity of equine bone tumors. Sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg of body weight) was fed for 20 months to horses with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a skeletal disorder that primarily affects endochondral bones during skeletal development. Rib biopsies were performed on both HME horses not fed fluoride (control) and HME horses that were fed fluoride to obtain comparable specimens for chemical analyses and x-ray diffraction. Fluoride content of the rib from a horse fed fluoride for 20 months was approximately 20 to 30 times higher than that from a control horse. Fluoride content of the bone tumors was higher than those of norma...
Tioxidazole: evaluation of antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation in horses by the critical test method. Antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation of the benzothiazole compound, tioxidazole, at the dose rate of 11 mg/kg, was evaluated by the critical test method. Drug was given by stomach to 3 horses and on feed to 3 horses. Excellent removal activity was found for Strongylus vulgaris (100%) in 5 naturally infected horses, S edentatus (91% to 100%) in 5 horses, small strongyles (88% to 99%) in 6 horses, immature Oxyuris equi (100%) in 5 horses, and Parascaris equorum (100%) in 5 horses (a 6th horse had 10 small specimens present at necropsy). There was no measurable activity against bots...
Assessment of radiographic positioning for the diagnosis of navicular disease in the horse. Three of the standard radiographic views of the navicular bone were assessed in normal horses and horses with navicular disease to determine the most effective radiographic positioning. Using the upright pedal view, a pastern angulation of 20 degrees from the vertical produced the optimum result when radiographs were taken using a grid. The best result using the high coronary view was obtained with an anode-film distance of 1 1000 mm, and a tube-head angle of 50 degrees from the vertical. When the special navicular view described by Morgan was examined, the most satisfactory projection was obt...
The pharmacokinetics of meclofenamic acid in the horse. The pharmacokinetics of meclofenamic acid were studied in Thoroughbred horses and in ponies. After intravenous (i.v.) administration of either 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg sodium meclofenamate the elimination half-life was of the order of 0.9 h while the volume of distribution was found to be 0.128 litre/kg. Elimination was in accordance with a one-compartment model. Following oral administration of either meclofenamic acid (4 mg/kg) or sodium meclofenamate (4 mg/kg) a much longer terminal half-life than that calculated for Kel from i.v. data was found. This anomaly indicated that the 'flip-flop' phenom...
Surgical technique and considerations for implantation of electromagnetic blood flow transducer and occluder onto the coronary arteries. A technique was developed for the implantation of an electromagnetic flow probe and vascular occluder onto the right and left coronary arteries in the calf and pony. Surgical manipulation was well tolerated in the animals. The subcutaneous housing on the peripheral ends of these devices of the lateral thoracic wall served as a maintenance-free technique for chronic exteriorization of these devices. Implantation onto the coronary arteries required a surgical technique which accomplished the prerequisites for proper flow probe function. A reactive hyperemic response was elicited in each animal b...
A simple treatment for “rye-grass staggers”? Sir,—A series of happy coincidences (serendipity?) has led us to a simple treatment which seems to have successfully alleviated symptoms of “rye-grass staggers” in a horse, a calf and two badly affected sheep. Although primarily engaged in a search for the causative agent(s) of rye-grass staggers, casual conversations with people having long experience of this disorder revealed many interesting observations. One of these was a racing-stable remedy for rye-grass staggers, which was the administration of “a couple of handfulls” of Epsom salts in a bran mash, with as much puha (Sonchus ...
Pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of methylphenidate in Thoroughbred horses. In horses given (rapid IV) methylphenidate (Ritalin, alpha-phenyl-2-piperidinacetic acid methyl ester; 0.70 mg/kg), plasma concentrations of the drug decreased rapidly at first, with an apparent alpha half-life of about 19 minutes, and then more slowly, with an apparent beta half-life of about 2.4 hours. These data were well fitted by a 2-compartment open model. In blood, about 40% of the methylphenidate present was in the plasma fraction, and of this, about 80% was plasma-protein bound. If given by subcutaneous or IM injection, plasma concentrations of methylphenidate peaked in about 1 hour a...
Acid-base and electrolyte alterations associated with salivary loss in the pony. Esophageal fistulas were made in 6 ponies to evaluate whole blood acid-base values and serum and salivary electrolyte alterations associated with salivary depletion. Acid-base and electrolyte values remained within normal ranges for 15 days in 3 control ponies fed a pelleted diet through nasogastric tubes. In 6 ponies with esophageal fistulas that were fed the same diet through esophagostomy tubes, hypochloremia and hyponatremia developed during the same period. Serum K concentrations were only marginally depleted, probably because of dietary replacement. Salivary depletion resulted in transie...
