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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Use of bumetanide, a potent diuretic, to obtain urinary samples for dope testing in horses. Use of the potent, high-ceiling diuretic bumetanide made it possible to obtain urinary samples for dope testing of trotters within the 1st hour after the race. The drug was injected intravenously at a dose level of 10 mug/kg during the cold season of the year, but on warm days, a dose of 20 mug/kg was more reliable. These doses did not produce any side-effects and did not interfere with the detection of doping drugs, since bumetanide is not metabolized to a detectable degree and the unchanged drug appears only in extracts from acidic urine. By enhancing the clearance of drugs used for doping, ...
Force plate studies of equine biomechanics. The force plate can measure a wide range of effects in the horse. The same instrument can record forces from more than a ton in the galloping animal to 25 g associated with the action of the heart. In all probability, the force plate will develop into a valuable clinical instrument.
Regional coronary blood flow in ponies. Regional coronary blood flow was measured by injecting radioactive microspheres (15 mum +/- 5 in diameter) into the left atrium of anesthetized ponies with surgically prepared open thorax before and during occlusion of the coronary arteries. The normal blood flow to the myocardium of the interventricular septum and the left ventricular wall were highest, followed in decreasing order by the right ventricular wall, the interatrial septum, the atrial walls, and the valves. Measurement of transmural blood flow in the normal left ventricle yielded a mean endocardial/epicardial flow ratio of 1.36 in...
Effects of repeated daily injections of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovaries in mares. In experiment 1, seven groups of pony mares (2 or 3/group) were given either no injections (controls), or 5 (5X) or 10 (10X) daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of 1.25 mg PGF2alpha beginning on days 1, 7 or 13 post-ovulation. Compared to controls (24.5 days), the interovulatory interval was longer (P less than ..05) for day 7, 10X (33.5 days) and day 13, 10X mares (49.0 days) but was not different for the remaining groups. In experiment 2, nine groups of pony mares (4/group) were given either no injections (controls) or 1 (1X) or 10 (10X) daily SC injections of 1.25 mg PGF2alpha beginning on d...
Herpetic corneal epithelial disease. The clinical differentiation of corneal epithelial lesions due to herpes simplex or herpes zoster may be confusing. Practical clinical tests, including the use of topical ocular stains, are useful to differentiate corneal epithelial lesions caused by these two viruses. Two distinctive types of zoster corneal epithelial disease may be seen; an early dendritic form, and a delayed form characterized by corneal mucus plaques that may take a dendriform pattern. These plaques are composed of mucus that is adherent to swollen, degenerating epithelial cells. The clinical differentiation between these ...
Some steroids in the blood of mares suffering from endometritis and post-partum mares as compared to normal cycling mares. It appeared that in mares suffering from endometritis the concentrations of pregnenolone, of the compound "5.4", and of progesterone in the blood during the first 2 days of the heat period were significantly higher than in normal cycling mares, in which the concentrations of all steroids were less than or equal to 1 ng/ml. In five endometritis mares the "5.4" and progesterone concentrations decreased after the first days of the heat period, and at about two days before ovulation the values were comparable to those of normal cycling mares. Eight mares suffering from a severe endometritis did no...
Effects of Saffan administered intravenously in the horse. Saffan was injected intravenously on 41 occasions in 11 horses and ponies to investigate its possible use in clinical equine anaesthesia. The optimum dose for induction was 1-90 mg per kg. This dose was divided into two halves, the first half given in five seconds and the second half, containing suxamethonium chloride 0.1 mg per kg, in the next 10 seconds. Induction was associated with excitement for up to 30 secs after the assumption of recumbency. At this dose rate anaesthesia lasted five to eight minutes. Muscle relaxation was poor. Recovery was associated with marked tactile and audible hy...
An equine cryptorchid with testicular and ovarian tissues. Cytogenetic and histological studies were carried out on an intersex horse which was diagnosed clinically as a cryptorchid. Surgery confirmed the horse to be a bilateral abdominal cryptorchid and histological examination revealed ovarian tissue associated with the left epididymis. Chromosome analysis of cultured cells from testicular tissue, ovarian tissue and skin revealed 64-XX and 64-XY make-up, the left gonad containing a greater preponderance of XX cells over XY cells. The external characteristics and behaviour of the horse were indistinguishable from that of a "routine" cryptorchid. Othe...
Excretion and metabolism of nikethamide in the horse. It is well known that nikethamide (N,N-diethylnicotinamide, CoramineR) is metabolized very rapidly to nicotinamide. Hence, there is difficulty in proving that nikethamide has been used as a doping substance because nicotinamide is a normal physiological metabolite in the organism as well as a vitamin preparation. However, an intermediate metabolite (N-ethylnicotinamide) was found by us in the urine of horses treated with CoramineR. This was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and synthesized and identified as being N-ethylnicotinamide. The excretion and metabolism of niketha...
Complications following a ruptured bladder in a 60-day-old foal. The death of a 60-day-old foal due to massive haemorrhage associated with erosion of the left umbilical artery into the left ureter is reported. Surgical repair attempts are described together with post-mortem findings.
Successful repair of a diaphragmatic hernia in a foal. The diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of a diaphragmatic hernia in a 12 weeks old standardbred foal are described. The clinical syndrome in horses generally is contrasted with that seen in the foal described in this paper. Some of the factors contributing to the clinical signs are discussed.
Drug interactions in the horse: effect of furosemide on plasma and urinary levels of phenylbutazone. Horses pretreated with 6.6 mg/kg of phenylbutazone were injected with 1 mg/kg of furosemide intravenously. Furosemide had no clinically significant effect on either plasma levels or plasma half-life of phenylbutazone. Furosemide reduced urinary levels of phenylbutazone 18-fold to concentrations which may result in inconsistent drug detection in routine screening tests. The results show that it is not possible to monitor compliance with phenylbutazone medication rules by means of urinalysis alone if the use of furosemide is permitted. Furosemide treatment, however, does not interfere with monit...
