Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Diagnostic Technique
Diagnostic techniques in equine medicine encompass a range of procedures and tools used to identify diseases, injuries, or other health conditions in horses. These techniques include imaging methods such as radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as laboratory tests like blood work and tissue biopsies. Each diagnostic method provides specific information that can aid in the assessment and management of equine health issues. Radiography is commonly used for evaluating bone structures, while ultrasonography is useful for soft tissue examination. MRI offers detailed images of both soft and hard tissues, though its use is limited by cost and availability. Laboratory tests can detect biochemical and hematological changes indicative of disease. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the development, application, and efficacy of various diagnostic techniques in equine veterinary practice.
Plasma progestagens in pregnant mares. Peripheral plasma progestagens were quantified by a competitive protein-binding assay throughout pregnancy. The level of progesterone increased significantly between Days 0 and 8 (P less than 0-05) and again between Days 28 and 44 and reached a maximum on Day 64. Subsequently, it fell slowly until about Day 300 and then rose again during the last 30 days before reaching a minimum on the day after foaling. Very low concentrations of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were found except between Days 40 and 120 and during the last 30 days before birth. Two unidentified compounds, one eluting slightly bef...
Serum concentrations of FSH, LH and progesterone during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare. Heterologous radioimmunoassays were developed for equine FSH and LH. Serum concentrations were measured in twenty-three mares throughout the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. FSH concentrations were raised fivefold by 'surges' rather than 'spiked', occurring at 10- to 11-day intervals during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. The late oestrous/early dioestrous surge of FSH appeared to initiate development of up to twenty follicles. The mid-dioestrous surge may be important for the further development of follicles destined to ovulate 10 to 13 days later. Levels of LH were increasing by t...
The effect of rectal palpation on the fertility of cyclic mares. The effect of rectal palpation of fertility of non-lactating, normal cyclic mares was studied over 3 years. During the first year (1971), the conception rates in mares after daily paplaption during oestrus only, and during oestrus and the first 50 days of pregnancy, were not significantly lower (P greater than 0-05) than the conception rates recorded in mares not palpated. No abortions could be attributed to palpation. Oestrus lasted longer (P less than 0-05) in non-palpated than palpated mares. During the second year (1972), first-cycle pregnancy rates in two groups of mares palpated daily du...
The use of intravascular catheters for long-term studies on the mare and fetus. Methods developed for the insertion of catheters into the umbilical artery and vein and the uterine vein of the pregnancy mare are described. The technique requires careful anaesthesia and the maintenance of normal blood gas tensions, pH and arterial blood pressure. Fetal survival was variable: three mares delivered live foals and six fetuses survived more than 15 days with a maximal period of 41 days. The erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) of the fetal foal was always very low at operation but subsequently increased slightly; a sudden large rise in ESR usually indicated imminent fetal deat...
Plasma progestagens in cyclic, pregnant and post-partum mares. The pattern of plasma progestagen levels during the oestrous cycle was similar to that previously reported except for lower peak levels. The lack of significant difference (p less than 0-01) between CPBA and RIA values suggests that progesterone itself is the major component during the oestrous cycle. Progesterone levels during the first and second post-parturient oestrous cycles were similar to those observed during the cycle of the non-pregnant mare. During pregnancy there were two peaks of plasma progestagens. The first, which occurred during the 3rd month, coincided with high levels of PMS...
[Production of antirickettsial sera by immunizing horses. II. Obtaining and testing an immune serum to D. sibericus]. The authors present the results of immunization of horses-producers with a commercial antigen and the yolk culture of the living R. sibericus (strain K1) for the purpose of obtaining specific immune sera for many purposes. It was shown that the original combined scheme of immunization and reimmunization of horses, successfully approved in the preparation of immune sera to Rickettsia prowazeki also proved to be highly effective for obtaining the antisera to R. sibericus. Sera obtained after the primary immunization of horses could be successfully used as diagnostic sera, but they were of no use...
Identification of multiple equine infectious anemia antigens by immunodiffusion reactions. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) cell antigens prepared from infected equine spleen, equine leukocyte cultures or a persistently infected equine dermis cell line contained at least two serologically reacting components. For convenience one component was designated as soluble antigen (SA) and the other as cell-associated antigen (CAA). The SA appeared as a single component when it was prepared from EIA virus precipitated from infectious tissue culture fluid with polyethylene glycol and ether treated but it was mixed with CAA when the source was infected cells. Cytolytic or mechanical disruption o...
Morphology and histochemistry of the endometrial cup. The luminal and cut surface of endometrial cups were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The distribution of PAS-positive and lipid materials in cup tissue was studied and most of the lipid material was localized in the large polyhedral cup cells. The lipid droplets gave positive reactions for DNPH in the cholesterol test of Schultz. They also exhibited autofluorescence and were therefore considered to be steroidal in nature. The significance of this possibility, particularly with regard to maintenance of early pregnancy in the mare, is discussed.
Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin levels in pregnant mares and newborn foals. Plasma calcium and calcitonin levels were measured periodically during the two last months of pregnancy and at the time of parturition in 9 pregnant mares and their foals. In pregnant animals, there was an increase in plasma calcitonin levels in the days before parturition, which was not due to any change in plasma calcium. This result indicates that in the mare, as in the cow, in the days before parturition CT secretion escapes from its control by plasma calcium. In 0-day and 7-day-old foals plasma calcium levels were significantly higher than in their mothers, but plasma calcitonin levels we...
Collection of bone grafts from the tuber coxae of the horse. Autogenous bone grafts were obtained from the tuber coxae of 9 horses. The method used involved an oblique incision to expose the lateral aspect of the tuber coxae. The periosteum was incised and reflected in order to make a 5- by 2.5-cm opening in the lateral cortex for graft retrieval. The method provided good visualization, ample grafting material, and freedom from postsurgical complications.
Bile acid kinetics and bile secretion in the pony. Bile acid pool size and synthesis rate were determined by both isotope-dilution and washout methods in ponies with chronic external biliary fistulas. Bile acid pool size (10.9 mumol/kg) and synthesis rate (11.2 mumol/day per kg) estimated by the isotope-dilution method did not differ significantly from pool size (9.4 mumol/kg) and synthesis rate (9.5 mumol/day per kg) estimated by washout method. Bile acid-dependent and -independent fractions of bile flow, determined by a method that circumvents any inevitable correlation of flow to bile acid secretion due to common factors in both parameters,...
Nerve distribution in the metacarpus and front digit of the horse. The nerve distribution to the digit of the horse was studied with the compound microscope in serial transverse sections of fetal limbs and plotted on life-size outlines of the horse's foot. It was learned that there is much variation in the topography of the branches of the principal nerves. There is no mirror-image nerve distribution on the 2 sides of the foot. The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve does not extend below the fetlock. The communication between the palmar metacarpal nerves and branches of the dorsal branch of the digital nerves is only a crossing of nerves without exchange of fib...
Studies on the epidemiology of Strongylus vulgaris infection of the horse. Studies on the epidemiology of Strongylus vulgaris infection of the
horse. International Journalfor Parasitology 5: 423426. Observations are reported on the size and age
structure of Stronglyus vulguris populations recovered from the anterior mesenteric artery and its
main branches of horses slaughtered at regular intervals throughout a year. Marked seasonal variations were found in the mean monthly numbers of worms present. During spring/early summer the
numbers were relatively low and a large proportion of the arteries had no worms in them at all.
Thereafter, the arterial worm burdens q...
Papers and articles measurement of central venous pressure in horses. Central venous pressure measurements were made in 74 horses and ponies free from clinical evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. Using the sternal manubrium as the zero reference point, the mean value obtained was 12 cm H2O (S.D. +/- 6). There was a significant correlation with body weight (r=0.6, p less than 0.001) but there was none with age, sex, breed or type. During halothane anaesthesia, using the same reference point, the mean value was 24.5 cm H2O (S.D. +/- 6) in 28 animals in right lateral recumbency, 29 cm H2O (S.D. +/- 8) in 17 animals in left lateral recumbency and -6 cm H20 (S.D. +/...
Auto-immune hemolytic anemia in two horses. Two cases of Auto-immune hemolytic anemia (AHA) in the horse are described. The pathogenesis of AHA in man is related to the findings in the horses. Besides from routine hematological and biochemical investigations specific data were obtained from the erythrocyte osmotic fragility test, the Coombs test, the serum haptoglobulin level and the cold agglutinin test. The first patient, a six month old Dutch standardbred colt, probably suffered from an acute attack of cold-induced hemoglobinuria with severe anemia and acronecrosis of the tops of both ears and of several parts of the skin that had be...
[Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agent for the determination of antiglobulins]. Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agents were obtained under experimental conditions for determination of antiglobulins forming in the organism of man and animals under the effect of serum preparations from the blood of horses and homologoum immunoglobulins. A study was made of the sera of 100 patients with tick-borne encephalitis treated with heterologous and homologous immunoglobulins of directed action; in response to the administration of horse gamma-globulin antiglobulins (in titres below 1 : 10000) appeared in the serum; they circulated in the blood for long periods and inhibited the accumulat...
Closure of ductus arteriosus determined by cardiac catheterization and angiography in newborn foals. The physiologic closure of the ductus areteriosus was determined in 4 foals less than 16 hours old. The common carotid artery was catheterized, using local anesthesia and tranquilization, and contrast medium was injected into the ascending aorta. Radiographs were made of heart and great vessels during and after the injection to visualize the pathway of injected contrast medium.
The cells of equine blood and their development. Based on morphologie studies on bone marrow, lymphnode and blood preparations the cells of equine blood and their developmental stages are described and illustrated with 32 coloured photographs.
Some serological reactions to “brucella” antigen in the horse. Seventy-three samples of serum, from 69 horses and one zebra, were subjected to the Rose Bengal Plate, serum tube agglutination, complement fixation, and anti-equine globulin (Coombs') tests for brucellosis. Fifty-one of the samples, from 48 horses, were submitted by practising veterinary surgeons; of these, 22 samples were associated with clinical conditions which might have been due to brucellosis. Fourteen samples were from healthy horses known to have been in contact with infected cattle, and six were from horses which were known not to have been exposed to brucellosis. More reactions at a...
The kinetics of hematopoiesis in the light horse III. The hematological response to hemolytic anemia. The hematological response to acetylphenylhydrazine hemolytic anemia was studied in three standardbred horses. The lifespan of erythrocytes produced during the most severe phase of the anemia were measured with 75-selenomethionine and found to be 144 days as compared to the 139 day lifespan in response to hemorrhagic anemia or 155 days in normal standardbred horses measured previously using the same technique. The erythrocyte counts returned to initial values in 42 days (37, 34 and 54 days) a mean erythrocyte production of 6.4 times 10-12 erythrocytes/day. The mean hemoglobin production was 0....
[False-positive results obtained on examining slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues (author’s transl)]. As part of the examination of emergency-slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues, studies were done to see whether false-positive results would be obtained when the Sarcina lutea kidney test and Bacillus subtilis BGA test were performed. When the S. lutea kidney test was positive in cattle, calves and swine, penicillin was invariably found to be present in those animals, the histories of which showed that they had not been given antibiotics. A syringe and an injected fluid containing penicillin residues are regarded as possible causes of these positive results. When the S. l...
