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Topic:Disease Diagnosis
Disease diagnosis in horses involves the identification and characterization of illnesses through various diagnostic methods and tools. This process is essential for effective veterinary care and management of equine health. Techniques used in diagnosing diseases in horses include clinical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and radiography, and molecular diagnostics. Blood tests are frequently utilized to assess parameters such as complete blood count and biochemical profiles, which can indicate underlying health issues. Additionally, advancements in genetic testing and biomarker identification have enhanced the ability to detect specific diseases early. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore diagnostic methodologies, their applications, and their impact on equine health management.
Ultrastructural features of Allantosoma intestinalis, a Suctorian ciliate isolated from the large intestine of the horse. Allantosoma intestinalis, a suctorian ciliate isolated from the intestine of the horse, was studied utilizing light and electron optical methods. These small sausage-shaped organisms have a varying number of tentacles (between one and 14) located at each extremity of the body. The microtubular axoneme of each tentacle in cross-section consists of two files of microtubules arranged in a daisy-like configuration. Haptocysts occur in the tentacle shaft, abutted to the plasma membrane of the knob of the tentacle, and in the cell body. The haptocysts are bottle-shaped, with prominent annular striat...
Equine laryngeal hemiplegia part II: Some clinical observations. Some clinical features of laryngeal hemiplegia in 127 horses are described. Possible aetiologic factors were found in only 11% of affected animals. The onset of clinical signs was either sudden or insidious. The majority of cases were presented because of an abnormal respiratory noise made at exercise. Other clinical signs, particularly those usually attributed to laryngopalatal dislocation, were observed in a substantial proportion of affected animals. In all cases surveyed the left arytenoid was affected, although in 3 animals a bilateral laryngeal dysfunction was noted. Thirty of 65 animals...
Molecular cloning of equine herpesvirus type 1 DNA: analysis of standard and defective viral genomes and viral sequences in oncogenically transformed cells. Genomic DNA sequences of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) have been cloned as BamHI and EcoRI restriction fragments into the plasmid pBR322 and propagated in Escherichia coli. With the exception of two EcoRI restriction fragments that reside in the S region of the viral genome, all of the cloned fragments demonstrated the same electrophoretic mobilities, restriction cleavage sites, and blot-hybridization patterns as did the parent fragments produced by BamHI or EcoRI digestion of virion DNA. The EcoRI J fragment and the BamHI E fragment of the L-region terminus were cloned after the addition ...
Differentiation of respiratory and abortigenic isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 by restriction endonucleases. Viruses classified by immunologic criteria as equine herpesvirus 1 cause respiratory disease and abortion in horses. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the DNA's of viruses from animals with respiratory disease and from aborted fetuses show that the patterns for respiratory viruses, while similar to each other, are entirely different from the patterns for fetal viruses. It is therefore proposed that the DNA restriction endonuclease patterns of fetal and respiratory viruses analyzed in this study be designated as prototypic of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4, respectively.
Field and laboratory studies of equine influenza viruses isolated in 1979. Experimental ponies developed signs of disease four days after the intranasal instillation of A/England 1/79 equine influenza virus and virus was recovered from the nasopharynx from the second to the ninth day. No significant antigenic difference was found between the virus and the prototype A/Miami 1/63 virus, using post infection ferret and chicken sera and post vaccination pony sera. No antigenic differences were found between four viruses isolated between January and July 1979, although some differences were found in their ability to detect haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in convales...
Studies of an outbreak of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals. Five out of 6 foals between 2 and 4 months old, on a ranch in northern California, developed pneumonia within a 3 week period in June and July 1978. Corynebacterium equi was recovered from each of the 5 foals by transtracheal aspiration. Clinical signs were variable but included increased respiratory rate, fever, cough, nasal discharge, harsh airway sounds over middle sized airways and wheezing over small airways. Cyanosis was present in the most severely affected foal. Radiographic findings included diffusely increased interstitial and peribronchial densities, areas of consolidation and, in 3...
Antigenic and structural conservation of herpesvirus DNA-binding proteins. Previously, we have shown a common antigen of several herpesviruses (pseudorabies virus, equine abortion virus and bovine mammillitis virus) to be antigenically related to the major DNA-binding proteins of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. In this study we have purified the cross-reacting polypeptide from cells infected with pseudorabies virus, equine abortion virus and bovine mammillitis virus and shown the cross-reacting protein to be a major DNA-binding protein for each virus. Tryptic peptide analysis of the cross-reacting DNA-binding proteins of all five viruses has shown structural simi...
Use of infra-red carbon dioxide analysis during general anaesthesia in the horse. The carbon dioxide content of respiratory gases may be monitored by the use of an infra-red carbon dioxide analyser. The technique allows continuous and non-invasive recording of important information concerning the ventilatory, circulatory and metabolic states of the anaesthetised horse. Some of the monitoring capabilities of a carbon dioxide analyser (capnograph) are reviewed with illustrations from cases anaesthetised in the authors' clinic. Technical faults in the anaesthetic apparatus and the connections with the "patient" could be readily detected and emergency situations immediately rec...
Luteolysis in mares after endometrial biopsy. The length of diestrus was not changed in 4 mares by taking endometrial biopsy specimens during estrus. In contrast, taking endometrial biopsy specimens on postovulation day 4 induced premature luteolysis and significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the length of diestrus. A concurrent decrease in serum progesterone occurred to verify the premature luteolysis in these mares. Bacterial cultures of endometrial swab samples from these mares were negative for growth at the first estrus before and after the last biopsy procedures, indicating that luteolysis was induced by the biopsy procedure and w...
Proximal equine radial and median motor nerve conduction velocity. Radial and median motor nerve conduction velocities were determined on 10 clinically healthy 1- to 11-year-old ponies. These velocities were obtained by stimulation at the brachial plexus directly through a surgical incision and later in the ambulatory pony via implanted Formvar-coated wire electrodes. Percutaneous stimulation was used at the cubital region in both anesthetized and ambulatory ponies. The values for radial motor nerve fibers ranged from 96.4 to 100 m/s. These were 15.3% faster than previously reported distal values. Median motor nerve fiber values ranged from 86.8 to 90.2 m/s, ...
Phenylbutazone toxicosis in equidae: a biochemical and pathophysiological study. Toxic effects of phenylbutazone (PBZ) in ponies and horses were studied, using a variety of biochemical, pathophysiologic, and pathologic methods. At dosage levels of 10 to 12 mg/kg of body weight/day for 8 to 10 days, ponies frequently developed clinical signs of toxicosis characterized by hypoproteinemia. Studies using 51CrCl3 demonstrated that PBZ caused a protein-losing gastroenteropathy. The plasma loss was usually associated with gastrointestinal ulceration, but sometimes occurred without obvious lesions in mildly affected animals. Similar studies (8.2 mg/kg/day for 13 days) in Thoroughb...
