Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Disease Etiology
Disease etiology in horses refers to the study of the causes and development of diseases within equine populations. It encompasses various factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, infectious agents, and nutritional imbalances, that contribute to the onset and progression of diseases in horses. Understanding disease etiology is essential for identifying risk factors and implementing preventative measures in equine health management. This topic includes research on pathogen-host interactions, the impact of management practices on disease incidence, and the role of genetic and environmental factors in disease susceptibility. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the mechanisms, contributing factors, and implications of disease etiology in horses.
The comparative pathology of non-viral bullous skin diseases in domestic animals. In a review of non-viral bullous skin diseases of domestic animals and a 4-year study of cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, we found 15 diseases: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug eruption, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, familial acantholysis, bovine congenital porphyria, impetigo and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The 15 diseases were placed in five categories: autoimmune, imm...
Equine salmonellosis: a review. Salmonellosis in Equidae occurs sporadically throughout the world; the incidence recorded ranges from less than 1 per cent to as much as 27 per cent. In 1976 there was a significant increase in disease and mortality caused by salmonellosis in horses in Britain and treatment was less successful than with other species. Data revealed a general progressive shift away from species specific salmonella serotypes towards the ubiquitous but less discerning strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The role of predisposing causes is assessed and treatment, prevention and zoonitic importance commented upon.
In vitro fermentation of feces from normal and chronically diarrheal horses. Feces from 13 healthy horses and 8 horses with chronic diarrhea were subjected to an in vetro fermentation procedure that had been developed for rumen fluid. Fermentations were conducted over 6 hours in a closed system, with and without an essential amino acid (EAA) mixture being added to the basic starch-buffer medium. The addition of EAA caused no significant difference in results of fermentation of feces from healthy horses. For diarrheic animals, there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in gas and total volatile fatty acids production whether EAA were present or not, and alpha-a...
Equine perinatal disease due to Salmonella anatum. This study explores a rare case where an equine disease was found to be caused by Salmonella anatum, an organism typically associated with cattle, in a week-old foal and its […]
Effect of dehydrocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and taurocholic acids on the excretion of bilirubin. The effects of IV bile acid infusion (at approx 20% of normal excretion rate) on the biliary excretion of 3-alpha-hydroxy bile acids and bilirubin were investigated in ponies prepared surgically with chronic external biliary fistulas. Endogenous bile acid excretion (approx 45 mumol/min) decreased to the hepatic synthesis rate (approx 1.5 mumol/min) during the initial 4 to 5 hours of bile drainage. In type 1 studies, both chenodeoxycholic and taurocholic acid infusion (8 to 9 mumol/min) increased bilirubin excretion by 58% to 82% following 5 hours of biliary diversion. During type 2 studies, 3-...
Mucosal alterations in experimentally induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. Small intestinal strangulation obstruction (ISO) was produced in seven ponies (under pentobarbital-anesthesia) by arteriovenous ligation. Positive-pressure ventilation with room air was used to maintain arterial PCO2 at the initiation of the ISO. Biopsy materials obtained from affected intestines at various times were evaluated, using histopathologic examination and scanning electron microscopy. Mucosal and villus degeneration was graded 0 to V and compared with intestinal gross color, motility, and wall thickness. The mucosa at the tip of the villus was the first to be affected. Degeneration ...
Salmonellosis in a group of ponies: failure to identify a chronic active carrier. Three of 33 ponies died after the herd had been moved to a new environment 3 months earlier. One mare died without premonitory signs of illness. Shortly thereafter, a 5-day-old foal and a 2-year-old gelding died after brief illness. Although cultures were not performed on the mare, Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the feces and tissues of the foal and gelding. Lesions in the foal were confined to ecchymotic hemorrhages on the mucosal surface of the colon and petechial hemorrhages in the splenic capsule, with adhesions to the parietal peritoneum. The gelding had evidence of severe typhl...
Toxicoinfectious botulism in foals and adult horses. Toxicoinfectious botulism was proved to be the cause of a neuromuscular paralytic syndrome in foals and adult horses. In eight successive cases, Clostridium botulinum type B was isolated at necropsy. Foals were either found dead without premonitory signs of illness or, most often, they had signs of progressive and symmetric motor paralysis. Stilted gait, muscular tremors, and the inability to stand longer than 4 to 5 minutes were the salient clinical signs. Other clinical manifestations included dysphagia, constipation, mydriasis, and frequent urination. As the disease progressed, dyspnea with...
[Bacteriological studies of Haemophilus equigenitalis Taylor 1978, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977 (author’s transl)]. The cultural, biochemical, antigenic and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of 17 strains of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM), were studied. Biochemical characteristics were investigated using both conventional method and the API ZYM system of enzyme detection. The biochemical profile of the H. equigenitalis strains was unique and differed from the other bacterial species studied under the same experimental conditions (H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, B. abortus and B. melitensis, P. multocida, A. calcoaceticus). The required X an...
Epidemiology of equine influenza, risk by age, breed and sex. Three hundred and sixty cases of diagnosed equine influenza reported to the Veterinary
Medical Data Program (VMDP) of the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A., were tested for the
independent effects of age, breed and sex, relative to a reference clinic-hospital population of 84,562
equine patients. Horses of age category 2-6 months showed a significant risk above unity for
infection with equine influenza virus whereas, horses in age category 7-10 yr showed a significant,
low and sparing risk. Horses under two months or over 10 years, as well as those in ages from 6
months to 7 yr had non-s...
