Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
Mair TS, Howarth S, Lane JG.Eighteen horses affected by the idiopathic headshaker syndrome were studied in an owner assessed trial to test the efficacy of some prophylactic therapies. Riding the affected animal with a veil over the nostrils gave varying degrees of temporary relief in three of 10 horses. Local (intra-nasal) corticosteroid therapy was reported to be slightly effective in three of nine horses, but treatment with sodium cromoglycate, systemic corticosteroid, flunixin meglumine and an antihistamine were generally ineffective. Bilateral infraorbital neurectomy provided sustained relief in three of seven horses...
Wilson TM, Ross PF, Owens DL, Rice LG, Green SA, Jenkins SJ, Nelson HA.An experiment to gain insight into the minimum toxic dose of fumonisins was conducted by feeding ponies rations with known fumonisin concentrations. Naturally contaminated corn screenings (CS) were blended with pellets, corn, and molasses to formulate individual daily diets. One group of 4 ponies was fed a ration with fumonisin B1 (FB1) varying from less than 1 ppm to 22 ppm. A second group of 5 ponies was fed a ration at varying rates containing 8 ppm FB1 for 180 days. A panel of clinical chemistry parameters was evaluated twice weekly for both groups. One pony in the first group died of equi...
Ross PF, Rice LG, Osweiler GD, Nelson PE, Richard JL, Wilson TM.During the 1989 corn harvest season, numerous reports of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks and a pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome in swine from several regions of the United States were received by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. Previous and concurrent research linked Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin-contaminated feeds to both diseases. Chemical and mycological investigations revealed fumonisin B1 (FB1) concentrations of 20 to 360 ppm in suspect swine feeds and 8 to 117 ppm in suspect equine feeds. Nonproblem feeds contained concentrations below 8...
Brusie RW, Sullins KE, White NA, Coffin PC, Parker GA, Anver MR, Rosenberger JL.This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (SH) with antibiotic therapy and joint lavage for reducing acute inflammatory and degenerative changes induced by septic arthritis. Septic arthritis was induced in six adult horses by inoculating the tarsocrural joints with 1 x 10(4) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus. When clinical signs appeared, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (30 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt] daily) and phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg bwt sid) were administered and continued until termination of the study (Treatment Day 18). Twenty-four hours post inocul...
Novilla MN.Monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, narasin and maduramicin are carboxylic ionophores intended for use as anticoccidial drugs for poultry and as growth promotants for ruminants. Generally, ionophores have been found safe and effective in the target animals receiving recommended dosage levels. However, toxic syndromes can result from overdosage and misuse situations. More information and reports of adverse reactions are available for monensin than the other ionophores because of monensin's longstanding and widespread use in the poultry and livestock industries. Care must be exercised in the diagn...
Wehrenberg WB, Kurt KJ, Hutz RJ.The incidence of anestrous mink during the normal breeding season has been reported to be as high as 5%. We sought to induce estrus in these mink by using various doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Seventy-five female mink maintained under standard ranch conditions failed to demonstrate estrus during the annual breeding season in March. These anestrous mink were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Treatments were given on March 16 and again on March 18. On these 2 d, mink were treated with equal doses of saline, 25, 50, or 100 IU of eCG, or ...
Murray MJ, Grodinsky C.Gastric fluid pH was measured in five adult horses following nasogastric administration of famotidine, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt); ranitidine, 4.4 and 6.6 mg/kg bwt and an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide (40 mg/ml) and aluminium hydroxide (45 mg/ml), 120 and 180 ml. Fluid was aspirated through a 16 French nasogastric feeding tube at 15 min intervals, and pH was measured using a pH meter. Basal gastric fluid pH was measured at 20 min intervals for 6 h in each horse and, with the exception of two measurements of 4.66 and 4.17, ranged from 1.42 to 2.41, with a mean pH of 1.88...
Muir WW.The cardiovascular effects of serial increasing infusions of dopexamine HCl were investigated in six conscious (1, 2, 4, 6, 10 micrograms/kg bodyweight [bwt]/min) and eight (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 micrograms/kg bwt/min) halothane-anaesthetised horses. Dopexamine produced dose-dependent increases in heart rate, +dP/dtmax' -dP/dtmax and cardiac output, and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance in conscious and halothane-anaesthetised horses. Mean arterial blood pressure did not change in conscious horses but increased to a maximum value at 10 micrograms/kg bwt/min in halothane-anaesthetised hors...
Hanie EA, Sullins KE, White NA.The results of 31 intracortical dorsal metacarpal stress fractures in 28 horses following unicortical osteostixis were reviewed. The incidence was predominately in the middle third of the lateral aspect of the left metacarpus, and males were affected more commonly. Approximately half of the surgical procedures were performed with the horse in the standing position. The mean times to return to training and racing were 4.25 and 6.9 months respectively. There was no correlation between time taken to return to racing and position of surgery. Complications experienced included lack of suture remova...
Singh M, Chaudhry MA, Yadava JN, Sanyal SC.This study was undertaken to assess the spectrum of drug resistance prevalent in Escherichia coli isolates from human and animal populations in Northern India. Three hundred and two isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from various infections of humans (47 from diarrhoea; 101 from urinary tract infection) and veterinary animals (17 from poultry septicaemia; 75 from bovine diarrhoea; 14 from ovine diarrhoea and 48 from equine metritis) were studied for their susceptibility to ampicillin, cephaloridine, amoxycillin, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and tri...
McClure JT, Kobluk C, Voller K, Geor RJ, Ames TR, Sivula N.Four miniature foals admitted with signs of progressive nonresponsive abdominal pain and no fecal production had fecalith impaction of the small colon. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 10 hours to 5 days. Removal of the fecalith via small colon enterotomy was a successful treatment in all 4 cases. Miniature foals may be predisposed to fecalith impaction of the small colon. If a miniature foal has signs of progressive nonresponsive abdominal pain, fecalith impaction needs to be considered. Surgical correction may be required.
Ross MW, Bayha R.A 2-year-old Standardbred colt was examined because of signs of abdominal pain of 12 hours' duration. Clinical signs of disease, including tachycardia and abdominal distention, and rectal palpation findings of distention and thickening of the ventral colon, were consistent with displacement or early strangulation obstruction of the large colon. Surgical exploration revealed volvulus of the large colon around an axis formed by the dorsal mesenteric attachment of the transverse colon. The cecum could be completely exteriorized and lacked the cecocolic ligament and dorsal mesenteric attachments. ...
Laverty S, Pascoe JR, Ling GV, Lavoie JP, Ruby AL.Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by peri...
Dart AJ, Snyder JR, Pascoe JR.Resection and anastomosis of the small colon was performed on 4 horses with vascular lesions (strangulating lipoma, mesenteric tear, dissecting haematoma) or functional obstruction (stricture) of this area of the bowel. The anastomoses were performed using a variety of suture materials in 2 layers. An appositional, full-thickness, simple, interrupted pattern was used in the first layer in all cases and oversewn with either a Cushing pattern (3 cases) or a Utrecht pattern (1 case). Post-operative complications associated with suture material and surgical technique were not seen. All horses were...
Riond JL, Riviere JE, Duckett WM, Atkins CE, Jernigan AD, Rikihisa Y, Spurlock SL.Intravenous use of doxycycline in horses is associated with deleterious side effects on the cardiovascular system which may result in fatalities. At dosages and infusion rates used in these studies, supraventricular tachycardia, systemic arterial hypertension, clinical signs of discomfort, collapse and death were observed. Results of the present study suggest that the intravenous use of doxycycline should be avoided in horses.
van Maanen C, Bruin G, de Boer-Luijtze E, Smolders G, de Boer GF.The purpose of the study was twofold. First, using two groups of 22 foals each, we investigated the extent to which maternal antibodies interfere with the humoral response against equine influenza. The foals were born to mares that had been vaccinated twice yearly against influenza since 1982. Foals of group I were vaccinated three times at early ages (12, 16, and 32 weeks of age), and foals of group II were likewise vaccinated but a later ages (24, 28, and 44 weeks of age). After the first and second vaccinations, neither group showed an increase in antibodies that inhibit haemagglutination. ...
de Waal DT.This review focuses on equine piroplasmosis with specific reference to its distribution, diagnosis and clinical and pathological signs. The more common used drugs are discussed both with reference to treatment and chemosterilization. Areas requiring further research are also briefly mentioned.
Harrison IW, Speirs VC, Braund KG, Steiss JE.Laryngeal hemiplegia was induced in 4 ponies via a left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy. Reinnervation of the denervated left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle was then attempted using a muscle pedicle graft from the right cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle. In 3 ponies there was no return of abductor function and failure of graft survival. In the fourth pony there was return of abductor function along with survival of the muscle bridge, however, there was evidence of reinnervation across the neurectomy site. Muscle-to-muscle neurotization of the paralyzed equine larynx, utilizing the cricoaryte...
Petroski RJ, Powell RG, Clay K.Stipa robusta (= Stipa vaseyi) is a perennial grass found in certain areas of the southwestern United States. It is commonly known as sleepygrass, as horses that ingest this grass may become profoundly somnolent or stuporous for periods of time lasting up to several days. In an attempt to determine the active principle(s), fractionation of a methanolic extract of sleepygrass infected with an Acremonium endophyte has yielded lysergic acid amide (20 micrograms/g dry wt), isolysergic amide (8), 8-hydroxylsergic acid amide (0.3), ergonovine (7), chanoclavine-I (15), and N-formylloline (18). Relate...
Young RL, Linford RL, Olander HJ.Physical examination and exploratory celiotomy were performed on five neonatal foals presented with signs of acute colic. Atresia coli was confirmed in each foal during surgery. The most consistent finding on physical examination was the absence of meconium staining following repeated enemas. The large, transverse and/or small colon were involved in all foals. One eight month aborted foetus was submitted for necropsy and diagnosed as having atresia coli and congenital hydrocephalus. Atresia coli should be considered for neonatal foals with signs of acute colic.
Ericson KK, Yang TJ.During our studies of cytostatic cytokines in the mixed leukocyte culture, we found that horse serum in the medium control contained a tumor cell growth-inhibitory factor. The fraction isolated by molecular sieving and ion exchange chromatography inhibited the growth and DNA synthesis of the primary culture and passaged cell line of the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma, murine T (L5178Y) and B (P3-X63-Ag8.653) lymphoid tumor cells, murine mammary tumor cells (RIII), bovine lymphoid tumor cells (BL3), and the nontransformed cell line of baby hamster kidney cells. Nontransformed cell lines ...
Panitz E.Ethyl-6-ethoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamate (Sch 18099) was evaluated for efficacy against natural helminth infections in ponies, pigs, lambs and chickens. Sixteen critical trials were conducted in ponies at dosages of 15 to 150 mg/kg. At 15 mg/kg, efficacy against adult and larval Oxyuris equi was 100% and 91% and against small strongyles it was 98%. Efficacy levels were 95% against Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus at the 20 mg/kg dosage. In two trials at 100 mg/kg efficacy against Parascaris equorum was 77%. No efficacy was observed against Gastrophilus spp. or Anoplocephala spp. In swine si...
Vermeer C, Ulrich M.The presence of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is demonstrated in the microsomal fraction of horse liver, spleen and kidney. The carboxylating enzyme systems in the spleen and in the kidney are susceptible to warfarin in a similar way as is carboxylase from the liver. It is concluded, that during the administration of vitamin K-antagonists (anticoagulation therapy) carboxylase in all these tissues is inhibited. Since most probably the majority of the reaction products of spleen and kidney carboxylase are no clotting factors, the inhibition of their production is a side-effect of the anticoagu...
Prange T, Holcombe SJ, Brown JA, Dechant JE, Fubini SL, Embertson RM, Peroni J, Rakestraw PC, Hauptman JG.To determine (1) the short- (to hospital discharge) and long- (>6 months) term survival, (2) factors associated with short-term survival, and (3) the perioperative course for horses with resection and anastomosis of the descending colon. Methods: Multicentered case series. Methods: Horses (n=43) that had descending colon resection and anastomosis. Methods: Medical records (January 1995-June 2009) of 7 equine referral hospitals were reviewed for horses that had descending colon resection and anastomosis and were recovered from anesthesia. Retrieved data included history, results of clinical and...
Schusser GE, White NA.To determine the number of myenteric plexuses and neurons in the large colon of clinically normal horses and whether the number was decreased in the large colon of horses with colon disease. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Colon samples from 15 clinically normal horses and 31 horses with colon disease. Methods: Samples were obtained, fixed, and stained with H&E. The number of myenteric plexuses and neurons and longitudinal muscle thickness were determined in each segment of colon for clinically normal horses. Counts for segments were compared with each other and with counts in the sam...
Perrin R, Diguet AC, Cantet P, Bailly C, Brogniez L, Dugdale A, Nisolle JF, Vandeweerd JM.Synovitis of the navicular bursa is common in performance horses. The objective of this study was to describe an ultrasound-guided technique to inject a distended navicular bursa and to evaluate its feasibility for use by a clinician not trained in the technique. Twenty distal limbs of horses of various breeds and sizes were used. To produce synovial distension, the navicular bursa of each limb was injected with contrast medium using a lateral approach and radiography was performed to confirm that the contrast medium was distending the bursa. The digit was positioned with the distal interphala...
Ganiev I, Alexandrova N, Aimaletdinov A, Rutland C, Malanyeva A, Rizvanov A, Zakirova E.One of the major problems observed in veterinary practice is articular cartilage injuries in animals. In terms of agriculture, it leads to their culling from the herd, even if they are highly productive animals. With companion animals, owners usually have to decide between euthanasia or long-term sometimes lifelong treatment of the injury by a veterinarian. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of cartilage injury in veterinary medicine is based on the good results observed in preclinical studies, where large animals have been used as experimental models to study the regen...
Trope GD, Whitton RC.A 12-year-old show-jumping mare was presented for investigation of a chronic hindlimb lameness of 16 weeks duration. Perineural anaesthesia and ultrasonography localised the lesion to the medial collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint of the left hindlimb. Treatment consisted of a heavily padded distal limb cast for 6 weeks, strict box rest and a strictly regulated hand walking program. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed throughout the rehabilitation period. Collateral ligament desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint is a commonly diagnosed condition of th...
Kim HT, Gim TJ, Lee JH.A 53-year-old man had chronic low back and leg pain for four years without any history of trauma or neurological manifestations. There was a reduction in symptoms after a lumbar epidural block. Two hours later after the procedure, the patient complained of perineal numbness and lower extremity weakness. The neurological evaluation revealed loss of sensation in the saddle area and the posterior aspect of the leg. The deep-tendon reflexes were decreased in the leg. The patient was unable to urinate. The MRI revealed a schwannoma at the S3 level of the sacral spine with cauda equina compression. ...
Sancler-Silva YFR, Silva-Junior ER, Fedorka CE, Scheeren VFC, Cavalero TS, Papa PM, Alvarenga MA, Dell'Aqua JA, Papa FO.The aim of this report is to describe a new methodology to successfully treat stallions diagnosed with urethral rent. Four stallions of ages ranging from 7 to 12Â years (median 9) with hemospermia were admitted for clinical evaluation, breeding soundness examination, and urethroscopy for inspection of the urethra and vesicular glands. Once the presence of urethral rent was identified and/or other sources of hemorrhage were excluded, a topical treatment was performed with 4% Policresulen solution (Albocresil). The treatment was carried out by infusing 100Â mL of the solution into the lumen of t...
Pozor MA, Zambrano G, Roser J, Hess R, Runyon S, Runcan E, Thomas BF, Dymock D, Macpherson ML, Troedsson MH, Kelleman A.The objective of this study was to evaluate acute endocrine effects as well as histological changes in testicular parenchyma induced by the contraceptive compound RTI-4587-073(l). Six miniature stallions were used in this experiment. The treatment group (n = 3) received one oral dose of 12.5 mg/kg of RTI-4587-073(l), and the control group (n = 3) received placebo only. The stallions' baseline parameters (semen, testicular dimensions, endocrine values) were collected and recorded for 5 weeks before treatment and for 6 weeks after treatment. Multiple blood samples were collected for endoc...
Dixon PM, Loh N, Barakzai SZ.Disorders of the horizontal ramus (body) of the equine mandible are well reported, but there is minimal documentation of disorders of the angle of mandible. A retrospective examination of the records of Edinburgh University Equine Hospital (1997-2011) showed that 32 horses were referred due to swellings of the angle of the mandible. The aetiology of these swellings was identified in just 13/32 cases (41%) including fractures (n=2), traumatic, localised periosteal/cortical lesions (n=4), traumatic soft tissue lesions (n=2), neoplasia (n=3), and inflammation of the adjacent salivary gland (n=1) ...
Tallon R, O'Neill H, Bladon B.Sagittal plane slab fractures of the third carpal bone are a recognised injury in the racehorse. Currently no published data exist for the UK Thoroughbred racehorse population. Objective: To document return to racing following sagittal slab fracture of the third carpal bone in a UK-based racehorse population, and to compare conservative and surgical management. Methods: Single centre retrospective study. Methods: Computerised medical and racing records were searched over a 15-year period for Thoroughbred racehorses with a simple sagittal slab fracture of the third carpal bone. Horses with comm...
Frietman SK, Compagnie E, Stout TAE, Jonker FH, Ter Braake F.To describe perioperative management, surgical procedure, and outcome in mares with third-degree perineal lacerations (TDPL) treated with a single-stage repair, the Utrecht repair method (URM). Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Twenty mares with TDPL. Methods: Medical records of mares with TDPL reconstructed with a URM were reviewed for perioperative management; surgical outcome; and postoperative fertility, athletic performance, and complications. Results: Mares ranged in age from 3.5 to 11 years. Long-term follow-up was available for 13 mares. Mean duration of follow-up was 9 years ...
Dobler D, Gerber M, Schmidts TM, Runkel F, Schlupp P.Human nail diseases, mostly caused by fungal infections, are common and difficult to treat. The development and testing of new drugs and drug delivery systems for the treatment of nail diseases is often limited by the lack of human nail material for permeation studies. Animal material is frequently used, but there are only few comparative data on the human nail plate, and there is neither a standardized test design nor a nail bed analogue to study drug uptake into the nail. In this study, a new permeation device was developed for permeation studies, and the permeation behavior of three model s...
Matthews NS, Gleed RD, Short CE, Burrows K.Isoxsuprine (0.6 mg/kg) administered IV to 6 standing horses produced substantial, transient decreases in systemic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume. It also produced substantial, transient increases in heart rate, cardiac output, and purposeful movement. Plasma concentrations of isoxsuprine peaked soon after the drug was administered IV and then decreased over a 12-hour period in a biexponential manner, with distribution and elimination half-lives of 14 minutes and 2.67 hours, respectively. Total body clearance and steady-state volume of distribution were calcula...
Hopper SA, Schneider RK, Ratzlaff MH, White KK, Johnson CH.To determine the effect of pin hole size and number on the breaking strength of the adult equine radius when loaded in torsion to failure. Methods: 54 pairs of equine radii from adult horses. Methods: For test one, 12 pairs of radii were used to determine the effect of pin hole size on torsional breaking strength. A 6.35-mm hole was drilled in 1 radius, and a 9.5-mm hole was drilled in the contralateral radius. For test two, 36 pairs of radii were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 12) to determine the effect of pin hole number on the torsional breaking strength of the equine ra...
Bergstrom TC, Kilcoyne I, Magdesian KG, Nieto JE.To determine whether IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) performed in the cephalic vein with a wide rubber tourniquet (WRT) applied proximal and distal to the carpus results in a higher peak concentration (Cmax) of amikacin in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ), compared with the Cmax for IVRLP using a single WRT proximal to the carpus. Methods: 7 healthy adult horses. Methods: Horses underwent IVRLP using standing sedation with 2 g of amikacin sulfate diluted to 60 mL by use of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in the cephalic vein with 2 different tourniquet techniques; proximal WRT (P) and proximal and d...
Slater MR, Hood DM, Carter GK.A descriptive and matched case-control study of laminitis was conducted in 7 private practices and at the Texas Veterinary Medical Centre (TVMC) between May 1992 and July 1993. Out of 108 horses with laminitis, 19 acute (49%) and 20 chronic (51%) cases were seen in private practice and 16 acute (23%) and 53 (77%) cases at the TVMC. Gastrointestinal disease was the most common problem in 19/35 horses (54%), occurring just prior to the onset of acute laminitis in all hospitals. Among all horses in the study, most commonly used drugs were phenylbutazone (68%), acepromazine (34%), dimethyl sulphox...
Guan F, Robinson MA, Soma LR.Etanercept is a protein-based medication for the treatment of human patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune-based diseases; its pharmacological action is to inhibit and antagonize tumour necrosis factor alpha. Etanercept was rumoured to be used in horse racing in North America. To detect such use, the aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for confirmation of etanercept in equine plasma. Etanercept was extracted from plasma by anti-human IgG antibody linked to magnetic beads. The analyte was reduced and alkylated, and then dige...
Boeckh S, Buchanan C, Boeckh A, Wilkie S, Davis C, Buchanan T, Boothe D.Following approval of a concentrated injectable formulation of enrofloxacin for cattle (Baytril 100 Injectable, Bayer Corp. Agricultural Division, Shawnee Mission, KS), equine practitioners have started administering this preparation both parenterally and orally to horses, despite the lack of pharmacokinetic data in this species. Six healthy horses received enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg both orally and intravenously, with the sequence being randomly assigned and at least 1 week of washout allowed between administrations. Blood samples were collected from each horse at various intervals after drug ...
Schaaf KL, Kannegieter NJ, Lovell DK.A Warmblood horse presented with a purulent nasal discharge that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. Radiography and endoscopy confirmed a large number of chondroid masses (over 200) in the left guttural pouch. Despite the large number of chondroids present, there was no external swelling evident. The masses were surgically removed via a hyovertebrotomy approach that provided excellent exposure, and no postoperative complications were encountered. Long term follow-up (3 years) confirmed a successful outcome.
Airway obstruction is the main trait of severe equine asthma that affects respiratory function and elicits detrimental effects on clinical presentation. Only few and underpowered clinical studies have investigated the impact of improvement in lung function induced by bronchodilators on the clinical signs of asthma-affected horses. Objective: To identify the minimal important difference (MID) in lung function elicited by bronchodilator leading to a meaningful improvement in clinical signs. Methods: Pairwise meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Methods: Literature searches were performed ...
Verwilghen D, Easley J, Zwick T, Uhlhorn M, Grulke S, Simhofer H, Townsend N, Liyou O, Bodeus F, Zani DD, Vlaminck L, Pearce C, Staszyk C....Suture exostosis is an intriguing and not uncommon pathology that has to be included in the differential diagnosis for horses with swelling of the head. Although several singular case reports have been published, no large case series is available. The aim of this study is to report a multicentric retrospective collection of suture exostosis cases. Data concerning horses with suture exostosis in the facial region were collected retrospectively. Information regarding breed, age, gender, history, imaging findings, initiated treatment, response to treatment and follow up was recorded. One hundred ...
Tendillo FJ, MascÃas A, Santos M, López-Sanromán J, De Rossi R, San Román F, Gómez de Segura IA.To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane (DES) in the horse. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Six healthy adult horses (three males and three females) weighing 370 +/- 16 kg and aged 9 +/- 2 years old. Methods: Anesthesia was induced with DES vaporized in oxygen via a face mask connected to a large-animal, semiclosed anesthetic circle system. The horses were endotracheally intubated and positioned in right lateral recumbency. Inspired and end-tidal DES were monitored using a calibrated Ohmeda RGM 5250 multigas analyzer (Ohmeda-BOC, Spain). The MAC of desflurane t...
Hart SK, Sullins KE.Results of surgical treatment of sinonasal disease in horses have been reported previously; however, this paper describes the outcome of horses in which a specific post operative treatment protocol was used. Objective: The objectives of the study were to determine: 1) short- and long-term outcome; 2) complications; and 3) recurrence rates of different disease processes, when horses were treated with a specific treatment protocol. Methods: Medical records of horses presented for surgical treatment of sinonasal disease from 1996-2007 were reviewed. Results and duration of surgical exploration we...
Ochi A, Bannai H, Aonuma H, Kanuka H, Uchida-Fujii E, Kinoshita Y, Ohta M, Kambayashi Y, Tsujimura K, Ueno T, Nemoto M.Mosquitoes and EDTA-treated blood samples from febrile racehorses were investigated for Getah virus infection from 2016 to 2019 at the Miho Training Center, where several outbreaks of Getah virus have occurred. We collected 5557 mosquitoes and 331 blood samples from febrile horses in this study. The most frequently captured mosquito species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus (51.9%), followed by Aedes vexans nipponii (14.2%) and Anopheles sinensis (11.2%). Getah virus was detected in mosquitoes (Aedes vexans nipponii) in 2016 (strain 16-0810-26) but not in 2017-2019. Six of 74 febrile horses in 2016 ...
Abutarbush SM, Naylor JM.To compare the outcome of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon (NSELC) treated surgically or medically by rolling, administration of phenylephrine hydrochloride (or both), and exercise. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: 11 medically treated horses and 8 surgically treated horses with NSELC. Methods: Medical records of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. Medically treated horses were included if diagnosis and outcome of treatment of nephrosplenic entrapment were confirmed via transrectal examination and ultrasonographic examination. ...
Bentley E, Murphy CJ.A thermal cautery technique was used to treat spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) in 9 eyes of 8 dogs and 2 eyes of 2 horses. Animals were sedated, and a topical anesthetic was applied. A handheld thermal cautery unit was then used to make multiple, small (< or = 1 mm in diameter), superficial burns throughout the affected area. The cautery unit was applied just until the slightest degree of contraction of the collagen fibrils was observed. After the stromal bed of the defect was treated, a rim of epithelium that extended approximately 1 mm around the denuded stroma was ...
Elce YA, Richardson DW.To report a technique for, and outcome after, arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal chip fractures of a proximal phalanx in standing horses. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: A total of 104 horses, 1 to 13 years of age, with a dorsoproximal chip fracture of a proximal phalanx. Methods: Horses were restrained in standing stocks and sedated with intravenous xylazine, detomidine, or a combination of both drugs. Local analgesia was achieved with 2% mepivacaine administered intra-articularly and by subcutaneous infiltration in a crescent-shaped block dorsal to the fetlock. Sterile drapes were ...
