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Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
[Progressive course of spinal cord tumors]. The main clinical varieties of spinal cord and equine tail tumors are reviewed. Of 221 cases, the progressive course of the disease was recorded in 76,9%, slow-progressive course was observed in 68,1% and rapid-progressive in 8,8% of cases. It is stressed that in the presence of the progressive course of the disease there may occur different manifestations of the tumorous process of the spinal cord, the examination of which makes it possible to improve the diagnosis, particularly in the early stage of the spinal oncological process.
Effects of transportation, surgery, and antibiotic therapy in ponies infected with Salmonella. Seventeen ponies were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and then 15 were variously stressed by transportation and/or surgery and 9 were given oxytetracycline. Indications of Salmonella reactivation occurred in all the stressed ponies. Diarrhea due to a reactivation of the Salmonella infection did not develop until greater than 3 days after stress, although maximal shedding of organisms occurred within 24 hours. A neutropenia generally occurred within 24 hours after stress and lasted about 5 days. A rectal temperature greater than 39 C usually did not occur. An increase in serologic titer wa...
A study of the effects of lasering on chronic bowed tendons at Wheatley Hall Farm Limited, Canada, January, 1983. Chronic bowed tendons of horses have been lasered with an infrared 904-nm laser at Wheatley Hall Farm Limited since 1980. A sample of 42 single injury/single treatment standardbreds which were racing within 120 days of laser treatment and met certain criteria, were evaluated for final race times, last quarter race times, and class changes. Results indicate that a significant percent of the standardbreds raced with similar or improved times and classes. Lasering bowed tendons presents a safe and less expensive alternative to traditional treatment methods which often requires a year layoff for t...
Neuroepithelial tumor of the optic nerve in a horse. A nine-year-old horse was presented with severe exophthalmos of the right eye and a large mass in the vitreal cavity. The affected globe was enucleated and two months following surgery the horse was euthanized because of spread of the tumor into the calvarium producing compression of the brain stem and neurologic signs. Examination of tumor tissue by light and electron microscopic examination showed a mixed neoplasm of primitive neuroepithelium.
Clinical aspects of lymphosarcoma in the horse: a clinical report of 16 cases. This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings in 16 horses suffering from lymphosarcoma and the autopsy results in 13 of these cases which were examined at the Large Animal Medicine Clinic, State University of Utrecht, from 1969 to 1981. The cases were classified into four groups, designated multicentric, alimentary, thymic and cutaneous forms, according to the situation of the tumours.
Effects of naloxone on endotoxin-induced changes in ponies. The value of naloxone (1 mg/kg of body weight/hr for 4 hrs), a beta-endorphin antagonist, was assessed in the management of endotoxin-induced shock in ponies. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls, ponies given Escherichia coli endotoxin put untreated, and ponies given endotoxin and then treated with naloxone. Endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamics, blood chemical values, regional blood flow, plasma enzymes, and energy supplies were measured at selected times during the first 6 hours after endotoxin was given. There was no evidence that beta-endorphins released during shock were...
The diagnosis and treatment of arthritis in horses. In this paper on the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis in horses, both degenerative arthritis and septic arthritis are considered. Diagnosis should be made on the combination of clinical examination together with the use of diagnostic aids such as radiology, intra-articular local anaesthesia and synovial fluid analysis. Intra-articular therapy appears to be the most effective in the treatment of degenerative arthritis. Excellent responses to therapy have been reported with corticosteroids, sodium hyaluronate, orgotein and synovial fluid transfer, where joints showed an absence of degenerati...
Infectivity of sarcocystis from donkey for horse via sporocysts from dogs. The dog is the final host for sarcosporidia cysts from the oesophagus and diaphragm of donkeys from Sardinia. The prepatent period lasted 9 to 10 days. Sporocysts measured 12.2-13.8 X 9.2-9.9 microns. Infection of a horse with 10(5) donkey/dog sporocysts increased the rectal temperature to more than 40 degrees C on days 10 and 20 after infection. On day 138 p.i. predominantly immature cysts containing metrocytes were found, especially in the oesophagus. Infection on day 117 p.i. with 2 X 10(5) horse/dog sporocysts did not give rise to a temperature increase during the following 21 days. The fi...
Reconstitution of primary, severe, combined immunodeficiency in man and horse. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in foals is the only known animal model for the autosomal recessive form of primary SCID in man. A major requirement in the treatment of SCID is the maintenance of the patient in a disease free state until definitive therapy can be undertaken. This paper reviews the current status of prophylactic and definitive therapy in man and the horse. Particular emphasis is placed on the methods of reconstitution available, involving foetal tissues and bone marrow.
Analysis of antigenic variation in equine 2 influenza A viruses. Influenza outbreaks involving viruses of the H3N8 subtype (equine 2) often occur in vaccinated horses. For this reason, a series of influenza viruses of the H3N8 subtype were examined to determine if antigenic variation could be detected in isolates during the period 1963-81. Antigenic analyses with post-infection ferret sera and monoclonal antibodies showed that the haemagglutinins of recent isolates were antigenically distinguishable from the prototype A/eq/Miami/1/63 and that antigenically distinguishable groups of equine 2 viruses co-circulate in the horse population. Based on these studie...
Cambendazole for strongyle control in a pony band: selection of a drug-resistant population of small strongyles and teratologic implications. Cambendazole (CBZ) treatments (20 mg/kg) given at 8-week intervals were used for parasite control in a breeding band of ponies (n = 33 to 43) during the period July 1974 to August 1978. Pre- and posttreatment worm egg counts on feces were used to evaluate efficacy of treatments after every 2nd treatment interval by monitoring changes in strongyle egg counts. Initially, effective reductions (expressed as 92% to 96% fewer worm eggs) were lessened to 70% by the 9th treatment (18 months) and to 28% by the 12th treatment, and thereafter, they fluctuated between 0% and 38%. Critical tests on animals...
Serum concentrations of penicillin in the horse after administration of a variety of penicillin preparations. Twelve geldings were used to evaluate serum levels of penicillin following the intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injection of benzylpenicillin, im procaine penicillin and im fortified benzathine penicillin, at a variety of dose rates. Blood samples were collected up to 7 h after iv and im benzylpenicillin, up to benzathine penicillin. Results were analysed using an analysis of variance and regression analyses were used to calculate the time taken for the serum penicillin concentration to decline to 0.5 micrograms/ml. As a result of the experiments the following dosage regimes could be re...
Navicular disease in the horse. The subchondral bone pressure. The subchondral bone pressure in the navicular bone of horses with navicular disease is compared with corresponding pressures in normal horses. An increased intraosseous pressure and a lengthened pressure drop time was demonstrated in patients with navicular disease, which indicates the existence of a venous stasis. Compared with similar investigations in humans with arthrosis it is concluded that navicular disease is a condition resembling arthrosis. The classical clinical symptoms are explained as an expression of resting pains. Treatments are suggested which theoretically can render the pat...
Methods for the treatment of twin pregnancy in the mare. Within a group of 130 mares which, in the event, carried twin pregnancies, 29 (22.3 per cent) produced their twins following diagnosis of a single palpable follicle at service and a single pregnancy 42 days later. The whole group of 130 twin-pregnant mares gave birth to only 17 live foals (13 per cent). Breeding results for the following season were available for 102 of these mares, when 38 (37 per cent) produced live foals. Thus over the two seasons an average 23 per cent of this group produced live foals. In a second group, comprising 70 mares, twin pregnancy had been diagnosed in all of the...
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus: concentration, partial purification, inactivation and immunogenicity. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) TC-84 vaccinal virus, from 10-1. quantities of infected duck embryo fibroblast cell culture fluids, was isolated by combined continuous-flow centrifugation with isopycnic banding in sucrose. Most of the recovered infectivity and hemagglutinating activity were in a single band at a buoyant density (rho) of 1.2. About 90% of the total input protein (450-520 mg) was removed with the effluent, whereas most of the remaining 10% also banded at a rho of 1.2. Infectivity was inactivated with formalin at a final concentration of 0.05% at 37 degrees C for 24 hr....
