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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
The use of equine anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum in the treatment of septic arthritis in foals. Three thoroughbred foals were treated with anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum. The serum was injected into the affected joint spaces. Two of the foals made a complete recovery.
Toxoplasma antibodies in polo horses of Nigeria. A serological survey of Toxoplasma antibodies was carried out amongst horses used for polo game in Nigeria using the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). A total of 70 horses from Kaduna, Kano and Jos that were assembled in Zaria for the annual national tournament were sampled. 26 (37.1%) of these were seropositive to T. gondii with the highest serological titre at 1:256. Out of the 52 local breeds, 20 (38.5%) were seropositive while of the 18 Argentine breeds, 6 (33.0%) were seropositive. No significant difference was found amongst the breeds. With the increasing interest in the game of pol...
[Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. II. Animal leptospiroses]. Bovine leptospirosis is a typical form in the island of Reunion. It appears during the second part of the rain season. The clinical picture of equine leptospirosis is acute hepatonephritis. About 10 serogroups are found in bovines, with greater frequency for Sejroë and Hebdomadis. In horses, the prevailing serogroups are Autumnalis, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Grippotyphosa.
Increased susceptibility of fibroblasts from horses with severe combined immunodeficiency to growth inhibition by 2′-deoxyadenosine. The effect of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine on the growth rate of fibroblasts derived from normal horses, horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) trait (heterozygotes), and horses with SCID was studied. All four purines were found to inhibit growth in a dose-dependent manner, but only adenosine and deoxyadenosine were inhibitory at concentrations of less than 100 microM. No statistical difference in sensitivity to adenosine was detected between normal and SCID fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from SCID horses were, however, more sensitive to the g...
Myelopathy and vitamin E deficiency in six Mongolian wild horses. Degenerative myelopathy was diagnosed in six Mongolian wild horses. Three of the horses had a history of ataxia dating from birth to 3 months of age. The clinical signs were uncoordinated movement of the hindlimbs and an abnormally wide-based gait and stance. The other 3 horses had mild ataxia. There were no gross lesions in the brain, vertebrae, or spinal cord. Histologic examination revealed degeneration of the neural processes in the ventral and lateral funiculi of all 6 horses. Myelin sheaths were dilated and vacuolated, and there were swollen, fragmented, or lysed axons. Neuronal degenera...
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in six horses. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed as a secondary disease in 6 horses. Four horses had localized and/or systemic sepsis, one horse had disseminated neoplasia, and one had idiopathic ulcerative enteropathy. The diagnosis of DIC was based on the finding of at least 3 of 4 abnormalities: thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and a high concentration of fibrinolytic degradation products. The most common clinical signs other than those attributable to the primary disease process were abnormal hemorrhage (4 hours) and v...
Renal medullary crest necrosis associated with phenylbutazone therapy in horses. Thirty-five cases of renal medullary crest necrosis morphologically similar to the renal papillary necrosis of analgesic nephropathy as described in man and rats are reported in horses receiving maintenance dosages of phenylbutazone. The primary lesion is a well-demarcated focal medullary necrosis resulting in sequestration of fragments of the renal crest. Renal cortical lesions are considered secondary to the medullary necrosis and consist of segmental pallor as a result of tubular dilatation, filtrate retention, and interstitial edema. Ischemia in concert with phenylbutazone is suggested as ...
Leptospiral infection in aborted equine foetuses. During an investigation of equine abortion, leptospiral infection was demonstrated in nine out of 22 foetuses examined by immunofluorescence and culture. Strains belonging to four serogroups (Australis, Pomona, Hebdomadis and Icterohaemorrhagiae) were isolated. The age of leptospira infected foetuses ranged from six months to term.
Adherence of Streptococcus equi on tongue, cheek and nasal epithelial cells of ponies. Streptococcus equi was found to adhere to tongue, cheek and nasal epithelial cells of ponies, in vitro. Maximum adherence was observed at pH 7.5 after one hour of incubation of bacteria with epithelial cells. This adherence was more on epithelial cells from adult animals than from foals. Streptococci exposed to heat (60 degrees C for 10 min) or treated with pepsin or trypsin showed a reduced adherence, whereas an increase occurred on treatment with hyaluronidase. Antibodies against whole S. equi cells or M-like protein blocked the adherence, whereas antibodies against group-specific carbohydra...
A retrospective clinical study of osteochondrosis dissecans in 21 horses. Osteochondrosis dissecans was diagnosed clinically and radiographically in 31 joints of 21 horses. The horses ranged in age from 8 months to 5 years at the time of presentation. The usual age of onset of clinical signs was 18 to 24 months. Presenting complaints included joint effusion and lameness of either gradual or sudden onset. In Thoroughbred horses, the stifle joint was the most common site of lesions and in Standardbred horses lesions occurred more commonly in the hock. In 16 of the 21 horses, the contralateral joint was radiographed and 9 of these horses had bilateral lesions. Thorough...
Transfer of adult Strongylus vulgaris via stomach tube. Patent infections with Strongylus vulgaris were established in 6 of 8 helminth-free ponies given 41 to 101 adult worms via nasogastric tube. The parasites were removed from the cecum and ventral colon and transferred within 1 to 2 hours of the death of the donor horses. Eggs were found in the feces of the recipients in 2 or 3 days; egg counts reached maximum, 28 eggs per gram of feces, at 4 weeks after ponies were inoculated. In 6 ponies euthanatized 3 to 7 weeks after parasitic transfers were done, 28% of the inoculated worms were found alive at necropsy. A 7th pony was maintained as a donor ...
Experimental production of neonatal isoerythrolysis in the foal. Serological evidence with or without clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis was experimentally produced in 6 of 8 foals born to mares allo-immunized with washed erythrocytes from the stallion. Blood group antigens were determined in all mares, stallions and foals, and the incompatible antigenic factor(s) responsible for the disease were defined. In 5 of 8 foals born to alloimmunized mares, a single antigenic factor difference accounted for the erythrocyte incompatibility between mare and foal. The erythrocyte antigen suspected as the most responsible for isoerythrolysis observed was A1. Ag...
