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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Graft versus host reactions in foals with combined immunodeficiency. Nine foals with combined immunodeficiency were given hepatic and thymus cells from 68- to 110-day-old (gestational age) fetuses or peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonrelated horses. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with graft vs host reaction were observed in eight of the foals. Diarrhea was observed in these 8 foals, and ulcerative dermatitis, stomatitis, or glossitis was detected in 6 of the 8 foals. Histopathologic changes consisting of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in liver, skin, alimentary tract, and less frequently in lymphoid tissues. Changes in complete blo...
Basilar skull fractures in three horses. Of three horses with basilar skull fractures, two died within 48 hours. The remaining horse was euthanatized because of a locomotion deficit. Clinical signs included epistaxis followed by ataxia. In each case, the basi-occipital bone and ventral portion of the calvarium were involved in the fracture. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs or radiographic appearance of guttural pouches, or both.
Teratoma and cyst formation of the equine cryptorchid testicle. In three horses with abdominally retained testicles, teratomas with cyst formation were found. Bone development in the head of the epididymis, near the vascular supply of the tumor, was a consistent finding. Aspiration of the cystic portion of the tumor was necessary for surgical removal in two cases. Although germinal carcinoma cells have been suggested as the cause of teratomas, evidence of malignancy was not seen in any of the three tumors.
A comparison of the complement fixation and immunofluorescent antibody tests in a survey of the prevalence of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in horses in the Sultanate of Oman. The incidence of antibodies to Babesia equi and B. caballi in horses in the Royal Stables of His Majesty the Sultan of Oman was assessed by complement fixation (CF) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Two series of samples taken with a 2-year interval, mainly from animals reared in Oman, indicated a stable but high prevalence of antibodies. On the 2 occasions 94.6 and 97.7% respectively were positive to B. equi by IFA and 76.8 and 75.0% were positive by CF. For B. caballi the corresponding percentage figures were lower--67.9 and 40.9 by IFA and 30.4 and 40.9 by CF. A group of animals t...
Ultrastructure of Babesia equi in ponies treated with imidocarb. Four splenectomized ponies were infected with Babesia equi. Two ponies were not treated, and two were treated with 5 mg of imidocarb/kg of body weight when 20% of their erythrocytes were parasitized. The nucleus of the parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of nontreated ponies was roundish, deep red-staining, and usually composed two-thirds of the organism. The parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of treated ponies was swollen and vacuolated except for an area just beneath the plasma membrane where the compressed nucleus was marginated, elongated, and clumpy. Parasites in erythrocyt...
Toxicoinfectious botulism in foals and adult horses. Toxicoinfectious botulism was proved to be the cause of a neuromuscular paralytic syndrome in foals and adult horses. In eight successive cases, Clostridium botulinum type B was isolated at necropsy. Foals were either found dead without premonitory signs of illness or, most often, they had signs of progressive and symmetric motor paralysis. Stilted gait, muscular tremors, and the inability to stand longer than 4 to 5 minutes were the salient clinical signs. Other clinical manifestations included dysphagia, constipation, mydriasis, and frequent urination. As the disease progressed, dyspnea with...
[Bacteriological studies of Haemophilus equigenitalis Taylor 1978, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977 (author’s transl)]. The cultural, biochemical, antigenic and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of 17 strains of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM), were studied. Biochemical characteristics were investigated using both conventional method and the API ZYM system of enzyme detection. The biochemical profile of the H. equigenitalis strains was unique and differed from the other bacterial species studied under the same experimental conditions (H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, B. abortus and B. melitensis, P. multocida, A. calcoaceticus). The required X an...
Epidemiology of equine influenza, risk by age, breed and sex. Three hundred and sixty cases of diagnosed equine influenza reported to the Veterinary
Medical Data Program (VMDP) of the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A., were tested for the
independent effects of age, breed and sex, relative to a reference clinic-hospital population of 84,562
equine patients. Horses of age category 2-6 months showed a significant risk above unity for
infection with equine influenza virus whereas, horses in age category 7-10 yr showed a significant,
low and sparing risk. Horses under two months or over 10 years, as well as those in ages from 6
months to 7 yr had non-s...
Haematology as an aid to prognosis of chronic laminitis. A COMMON progression of chronic laminitis is ischaemic
necrosis with secondary infection a frequent complication.
For 6 years we have performed a complete blood count
(CBC) on all hospitalised horses (at the University of Missouri
Veterinary Hospital) every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Preliminary scrutiny of the results indicated that persistent
elevation of the total white blood cell count (WBC) and
neutrophilia was consistent with poor prognosis in horses
affected with laminitis. Because of these considerations we
decided to perform a retrospective examination of the blood
cell d...
[Rhinosporidiosis in the horse. Histological and electron microscopic study of a case]. No abstract available
A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus which lyses horse erythrocytes. A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus produced opaque zones of haemolysis on horse blood agar but did not lyse equine erythrocytes suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. The haemolysin was not neutralized by normal rabbit serum and was distinct from alpha-, beta- and delta-haemolysins as well as human leucocidin. Partially purified preparations produced erythema when injected intradermally into rabbit skin.
