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Topic:Equine Diseases

Equine diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions that can affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic conditions. These diseases can impact the overall health, performance, and well-being of horses. Common equine diseases include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis and management of these diseases often require a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and appropriate treatment strategies. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for various equine diseases, providing valuable insights for veterinarians and researchers in the field.
BCG treatment of periocular sarcoid.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 445-448 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02552.x
Lavach JD, Sullins KE, Roberts SM, Severin GA, Wheeler C, Lueker DC.Twenty-six horses and five mules with periocular sarcoids were treated with intralesional injections of a purified bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) cell walls in oil suspension. All sarcoids were cured and the horses and mules remained free from recurrence of sarcoid during the two-year follow-up period.
Mononuclear phagocytes of transport-stressed horses with viral respiratory tract infection.
American journal of veterinary research    November 1, 1985   Volume 46, Issue 11 2272-2277 
Anderson NV, DeBowes RM, Nyrop KA, Dayton AD.Twelve horses comprised 3 treatment groups; all horses in 2 of the groups had recently been transported and had clinical and laboratory evidence of respiratory tract infection, with equine influenza type 2 virus being the principal pathogen. Mononuclear phagocytes and other leukocytes from blood, lung, and peritoneal cavity were studied in phagocytosis and erythrocyte-antibody (EA) rosette assays. Total numbers of pulmonary alveolar macrophages were increased over control values in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of group 3 horses after recovery from influenza (P less than 0.02), whereas th...
Fibrillary deposits in glomerulonephritis in a horse.
Veterinary pathology    November 1, 1985   Volume 22, Issue 6 647-649 doi: 10.1177/030098588502200625
Wilkinson JE, Smith CA, Castleman WL, Lewis RM.No abstract available
Multiple cartilagenous exostoses in a horse.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 462-465 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02557.x
Wilson RG, Auer DE, Kelly WR.No abstract available
Monoclonal aggregating immunoglobulin cryoglobulinaemia in a horse with malignant lymphoma.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 470-473 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02560.x
Traub-Dargatz J, Bertone A, Bennett D, Jones RL, Weingand K, Hall R, Demartini JC, Lavach JD, Roberts SM.No abstract available
Clinicopathological features of lymphosarcoma involving the thoracic cavity in the horse.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 428-433 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02548.x
Mair TS, Lane JG, Lucke VM.The clinical and post mortem features of 11 cases of lymphosarcoma involving the thoracic cavity are reviewed. The clinical findings included inappetence, weight loss, pectoral oedema, dyspnoea, pleural effusion and distension of the jugular veins. Dysphagia was present in three cases. At post mortem examination lesions were found in the abdomen as well as the chest in eight cases; clinical signs of abdominal disease were present in two cases. The features of nine other similar cases recorded in the literature are reviewed.
Primary renal cell carcinoma in four horses.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 473-477 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02561.x
Brown PJ, Holt PE.No abstract available
Lymphosarcoma: the case for case reports.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 409 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02541.x
Lane JG.No abstract available
Sequences of papillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 449-452 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02553.x
Trenfield K, Spradbrow PB, Vanselow B.DNA was extracted from 14 equine sarcoids, electrophoresed and hybridised with a radioactively labelled probe of bovine papillomavirus type I (BPV 1) DNA under conditions of low stringency. Twelve sarcoids contained sequences of DNA that hybridised with the probe and that comigrated with BPV 2 DNA. The viral DNAs in four of these sarcoids differed from BPV 1 and BPV 2 DNA on restriction endonuclease analysis. One of four cell lines derived from sarcoids also contained BPV 1 related DNA. The results confirm the frequent presence in equine sarcoids of unintegrated papillomaviral DNA and suggest ...
Equine endometrium at pre-implantation stages of pregnancy has specific glycosylated regions.
Placenta    November 1, 1985   Volume 6, Issue 6 537-542 doi: 10.1016/s0143-4004(85)80007-2
Whyte A, Allen WR.Pre- and post-implantation endometrial tissue was removed from equids at known stages of pregnancy. Thin sections of this material were reacted with fluorescein conjugates of several lectins. Two lectins in particular, with specificities for L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine, reacted strongly with the endometrial epithelium. The reaction for N-acetylglucosamine occurred in small patches on the endometrial epithelium and extended to cover the entire epithelial surface and endometrial glands after implantation. L-Fucose was observed in larger surface deposits particularly at the openings of endom...
Interpreting radiographs 6: Radiology of the equine head (Part 2).
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 417-425 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02546.x
Wyn-Jones G.The value of radiology as part of an examination of the equine head is emphasised and the radiological appearances of more commonly occurring conditions are described. Even the normal anatomy of this complex site is subject to great variation and the aspiring radiologist should, therefore, have a good knowledge of the possible normal variations. A flexible approach must be used rather than a limitation to one or two ritual projections. The use of contrast media, wherever it might be useful, is advocated so that the maximum amount of information may be obtained from each examination. Finally, e...
Efficacy of testing for illegal medication in horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    November 1, 1985   Volume 187, Issue 9 927-930 
Woods WE, Chay S, Houston T, Blake JW, Tobin T.The efficacy of testing for illegal drugs in race horses was surveyed by evaluating 27 questionnaires received from 28 racing jurisdictions polled. Large variations in the number of samples tested and drugs detected were reported. Some jurisdictions reported only illegal medications, whereas others also reported permitted medications. To facilitate comparison, stimulants, depressants, local anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers were classified as hard drugs. Other drugs, which are legal in some jurisdictions, were classified as soft. To evaluate the efficacy of testing, positive ...
Immune complexes in purpura hemorrhagica of the horse contain IgA and M antigen of Streptococcus equi.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)    November 1, 1985   Volume 135, Issue 5 3134-3137 
Galan JE, Timoney JF.Purpura hemorrhagica is an acute disease of the horse characterized by edema of the head and limbs, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, petechial hemorrhages in mucosae, musculature and viscera, and sometimes glomerulonephritis. It is usually associated with strangles, an upper respiratory tract disease of the horse caused by Streptococcus equi. We have detected and characterized immune complexes in the sera of horses with poststrangles purpura hemorrhagica by using PEG precipitation and Western blot analysis. The immune complexes contained IgA and S. equi-specific antigens similar to those found in ...
Preliminary studies on long distance, retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in equine peripheral nerves.
Equine veterinary journal    November 1, 1985   Volume 17, Issue 6 453-458 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02554.x
Fubini SL, Cummings JF, Todhunter RJ.As a prelude to studies on retrograde axonal transport of neurotoxin (ie, so-called suicide transport) as a means to prevent post neurectomy neuroma formation, preliminary studies were conducted with an innocuous enzymatic marker, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The proximal stumps of resected medial and lateral palmar digital nerves in six ponies were injected via a tuberculin syringe and needle with 50 micron 1 of a 30 per cent solution of HRP in order to assess long distance retrograde axonal transport. The dorsal root ganglion of the cervical spinal enlargement (ie, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2) were ...
Experimental demonstration of an antigenic relationship between Leptospira and equine cornea.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology    November 1, 1985   Volume 10, Issue 2-3 215-224 doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(85)90048-0
Parma AE, Santisteban CG, Villalba JS, Bowden RA.Horses inoculated with either equine cornea or killed Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, tarassovi, icterohaemorrhagiae, wolffi and hardjo, developed corneal opacity and produced antibodies which made it possible to demonstrate partial antigenic identity between equine cornea and four of those serovars employed. These antibodies were isolated by means of immunoadsorptions, purified by ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex A-50) and run by immuno-electrophoresis in agar gel. Both antibodies, anti-equine cornea and anti-leptospira, showed that they corresponded to the IgGb subclass. Th...
Investigations of the vertebrate hosts of eastern equine encephalitis during an epizootic in Michigan, 1980.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene    November 1, 1985   Volume 34, Issue 6 1190-1202 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1190
McLean RG, Frier G, Parham GL, Francy DB, Monath TP, Campos EG, Therrien A, Kerschner J, Calisher CH.A study was undertaken to investigate an increase in reported cases of clinical encephalitis due to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus in horses and to determine the natural vertebrate hosts of that virus. Horses, birds, and small mammals were sampled at sites in a contiguous area in St. Joseph and Kalamazoo counties, Michigan, from 25 August to 5 September 1980. Serum samples from four horses acutely ill with encephalitis and 16 of 39 pasture mates of ill horses had neutralizing (N) antibody against EEE virus (46.5%); no viruses were isolated from these 43 sera. None of 24 draft horses f...
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of androgens in equine ovarian follicles at ultrastructurally defined stages of development. Identification of 19-nortestosterone in follicular fluid.
Endocrinology    November 1, 1985   Volume 117, Issue 5 2176-2181 doi: 10.1210/endo-117-5-2176
Silberzahn P, Dehennin L, Zwain I, Reiffsteck A.Follicular fluid was obtained from equine follicles at different stages of development as determined by ultrastructural study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution permitted the demonstration of high levels of 4-estrene-3,7-dione and 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one, 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one levels often being about 10 times higher than those of testosterone. These findings suggest that in the mare ovary, an aromatizing pathway may proceed using these 19-norsteroids as intermediates. As a consequence of this high level of 19-norsteroids, testosterone...
Lymphadenopathy-associated virus: from molecular biology to pathogenicity.
Annals of internal medicine    November 1, 1985   Volume 103, Issue 5 689-693 doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-689
Montagnier L.Recent data indicate that the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is morphologically similar to animal lentiviruses, such as equine infectious anemia and visna viruses. This finding, together with the cross-reactivity of the core proteins of LAV with those of the equine infectious anemia virus and a similarity in genome structure and biological properties, allows LAV to be placed in the retroviral subfamily of Lentivirinae. Molecular data indicate a high degree of genetic variation of the virus, especially in the envelope gene, which have important implications for the origin of the virus (...
Stimulation of equine eosinophil migration by hydroxyacid metabolites of arachidonic acid.
The American journal of pathology    November 1, 1985   Volume 121, Issue 2 361-368 
Potter KA, Leid RW, Kolattukudy PE, Espelie KE.Lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid are important mediators of inflammation, affecting several aspects of cell function. Monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (mono-HETE) and 5,12-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (LTB4) enhance migration of both neutrophils and eosinophils in several species. The relative ability of positional isomers of HETE and of LTB4 to affect migration of equine eosinophils was studied. The 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 15 isomers of HETE were prepared by autooxidation of arachidonic acid, separated by sequential normal phase and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography...
Horse diarrhoea: Clostridium tetani as a cause of misdiagnosis of enterotoxaemia.
The Veterinary record    October 26, 1985   Volume 117, Issue 17 445 doi: 10.1136/vr.117.17.445
Carman RJ.No abstract available
Echocardiographic detection of ventricular septal defects in large animals.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    October 15, 1985   Volume 187, Issue 8 810-816 
Pipers FS, Reef V, Wilson J.Ventricular septal defects in a foal, a 2-year-old filly, and 2 calves were demonstrated with M-mode and two-dimensional real-time echocardiography. The studies were performed with the animals unsedated, either standing or in lateral recumbency. Cardiac windows were located between the 4th and 7th intercostal spaces, approximately at the level of the olecranon. In each case, the septal defect was visualized high in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum. Defects were visualized by use of sector scanning or linear-array ultrasonic equipment, with transducer frequencies of 2.25 to...
Effects of a demand valve on pulmonary ventilation in spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised horses.
The Veterinary record    October 5, 1985   Volume 117, Issue 14 358-362 doi: 10.1136/vr.117.14.358
Watney GC, Watkins SB, Hall LW.The pressure flow characteristics of a demand valve which has been suggested to be suitable for use in anaesthetised horses were determined at a range of flow rates commonly encountered in equine anaesthesia. The resistance of the valve was found to be very much greater than the resistance of normal large animal anaesthetic apparatus or the equine lower respiratory tract. The effects of the valve on pulmonary ventilation were investigated in seven anaesthetised, intubated horses. Respiratory rate and dynamic compliance were unaffected by connection of the valve but mean tidal and minute volume...
[Hemorrhagic enteritis in the horse. Colitis X and duodenojejunitis].
Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift    October 1, 1985   Volume 98, Issue 10 332-339 
Kraft W.No abstract available
Efficacy of ivermectin against nematodes of horses, including small strongyles resistant to benzimidazole.
Australian veterinary journal    October 1, 1985   Volume 62, Issue 10 343-344 doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb07658.x
Burrows RO, Thomson BM, Lindsey MJ.No abstract available
Healing of surgically created defects in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: collagen-type transformation and tissue morphologic reorganization.
American journal of veterinary research    October 1, 1985   Volume 46, Issue 10 2091-2096 
Watkins JP, Auer JA, Gay S, Morgan SJ.Full-thickness defects were surgically created in the superficial digital flexor tendons of the front limbs of 20 horses. Tissues formed within the defect were evaluated histologically, and the collagen composition of the tissue was determined by immunofluorescence. Transformation occurred from loose fibrillar areas of types I and III collagen and pericellular types IV and V collagen to dense bundles of type I collagen fibers. Loose fibrillar areas of types I and III collagen were present after 24 weeks. Histologically, in horses killed after 2 weeks, the tissue within the defect was a randoml...
[Periodic uveitis in horses].
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde    October 1, 1985   Volume 110, Issue 19 771-775 
van der Velden MA, Schuitemaker EA.The aetiology, clinical symptoms and treatment of equine periodic ophthalmia are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the possible role in aetiology of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. Corticosteroids and atropine are the most important therapeutic drugs.
Anaerobic bacteria in 21 horses with pleuropneumonia.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    October 1, 1985   Volume 187, Issue 7 721-724 
Sweeney CR, Divers TJ, Benson CE.Anaerobic bacteria are important and overlooked bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract in horses. Twenty-one of 46 horses with pleuropneumonia had anaerobic bacteria isolated from pleural fluid or from tracheobronchial aspirate. Bacteroides oralis and B melaninogenicus were the anaerobes most frequently isolated. Survival was significantly less for horses from which anaerobes were isolated than for horses from which anaerobes were not isolated. Putrid odor was associated with the pleural fluid and/or breath in 62% of the horses from which anaerobes were isolated. In these horses, t...
Healing of surgically created defects in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: effects of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy on collagen-type transformation and tissue morphologic reorganization.
American journal of veterinary research    October 1, 1985   Volume 46, Issue 10 2097-2103 
Watkins JP, Auer JA, Morgan SJ, Gay S.The effect of pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on the healing of surgically created defects in equine superficial digital flexor tendons was evaluated. Defects were created in both front superficial digital flexor tendons of 20 horses. The defect in 1 limb was exposed to a PEMF for 2 hours daily. The other limb served as a control. Histologic and immunofluorescent evaluations were done in horse killed at postsurgical weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24. Therapy with the PEMF significantly (P less than 0.05) delayed the maturation of the tissue formed within the defect at postsurgical weeks 8...
Duration of maternally derived antibodies against equine influenza in newborn foals.
American journal of veterinary research    October 1, 1985   Volume 46, Issue 10 2078-2080 
Liu IK, Pascoe DR, Chang LW, Zee YC.Serum antibody concentrations against influenza A-equi-1 virus and A-equi-2 virus were measured in a group of 18 foals from birth to 4 months of age. More than 50% of the foals were seronegative to A-equi-1 virus infection by 4 weeks of age, with titers of less than or equal to 1:16. For A-equi-2 virus, more than 50% of the foals were seronegative by 2 weeks of age, with titers of less than or equal to 1:8. Passively derived antibodies against influenza A-equi-1 virus and A-equi-2 virus in foals obtained from recently vaccinated mares and from mares not vaccinated within 6 months before foalin...
Equine bone marrow: a quantitative analysis of erythroid maturation.
The Anatomical record    October 1, 1985   Volume 213, Issue 2 202-206 doi: 10.1002/ar.1092130212
Tablin F, Weiss L.The equine bone marrow responds to blood loss by increased erythropoiesis, only releasing reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation in severe chronic anemia. We have used morphometric analysis based on electron microscopy of the equine marrow to examine the maturation and release of reticulocytes. Developing red cells in the bone marrows of normal and chronically anemic horses were divided into four stages: early, intermediate, late-stage erythroblasts, and reticulocytes. Morphometric analysis of each stage included volume density of mitochondria per micron3 of cytoplasm, surface area of t...