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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
An electrophoretic investigation of mammalian spermatid-specific nuclear proteins. Using standardized methods for protein extraction and analysis, the testes of rams, bulls, goats, boars, stallions, rats, cats, hedgehogs, European mink and ferrets were examined for basic spermatid nucleoproteins by electrophoresis. The results suggest that differences exist in the total number of these proteins as well as in the number and amount of the cross-linked cystein-containing proteins. These differences appear to be more family-specific than species-specific.
Intramyocardial pressure and distribution of coronary blood flow during systole and diastole in the horse. Transmural myocardial blood flow was measured with microspheres in systole and in diastole, along with intramyocardial pressure, in seven anaesthetised horses. Intramyocardial pressures were measured with a miniature manometer implanted in the tip of a 16-gauge needle. Peak systolic intramyocardial pressure decreased from subendocardium to subepicardium and never exceeded intraventricular pressure. Systolic blood flow decreased from epicardium to endocardium where it did not differ from zero. Diastolic blood flow increased from epicardium to subendocardium, but then decreased in the most endoc...
Monoclonal antibodies against transferrin. Precipitating mixtures and lack of inter-species cross-reactivity. Five stable hybridoma lines were prepared using the myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag.653 and spleen cells of mice hyperimmunized by pig transferrin. All hybridomas grew well in mouse peritoneal cavity and produced antibodies of the IgG1 subclass. Antibody preparations obtained from ascitic fluids tested for their capacity of antigen precipitation. No precipitation was obtained with single antibodies and with pairs of antibodies. Three out of 10 possible triads gave clear and sharp precipitation zones and rings in immunodiffusion tests performed in agar gel. All 5 antibodies were shown by quantitati...
A comparison of the serum protein electrophoretic patterns of young and adult animals. Samples of serum from both young and adult normal cattle, sheep and horses were subjected to protein electrophoresis on agarose gel films. After processing, the stained electrophoretic patterns and densitometric traces of each species exhibited certain specific characteristics. The separations also revealed differences between young and adult animals of the same species. These age-related differences are described here.
Lymphosarcoma with leukemia in a horse. A 17-year-old Arabian gelding was presented because of CNS depression and weight loss. Physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, pitting edema, and ascites. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma with leukemic manifestations was based on cytologic and histopathologic examination of lymph node biopsy samples and a peripheral leukocyte count of 98,300/microliters, 94% of which were mature lymphocytes. These circulating lymphocytes lacked B-lymphocyte markers and did not respond to mitogenic stimulation, indicating functional incompetence. Though ultrastructural findings were equivocal, ...
Energy metabolism of the contagious equine metritis bacterium. The energy metabolism of the English E-CMO strain of contagious equine metritis bacterium was studied in whole cells and cell extracts. This bacterium appears to have an active Krebs cycle and probably obtains energy by oxidative phosphorylation since glycolysis and the hexose monophosphate pathways appear to be absent. These conclusions are based on the findings that [U-14C]glucose incorporation by this bacterium is below the level of detection, and that respiration is stimulated by Krebs cycle intermediates (i.e., malate, citrate, and succinate), but not by glucose, fructose, maltose, or suc...
Isolation of two serotypes of equine adenovirus from horses in New Zealand. Two serologically unrelated adenoviruses were isolated from ill-thrifty young horses on a thoroughbred stud. The viruses differed in their cytopathic effects in cell culture and in their haemagglutination properties. A serological survey of horses in the northern half of the North Island showed the prevalence of precipitating antibodies against equine adenoviruses to be 39%.
Epidemiological significance of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in vitro markers. One hundred and fifty-eight strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were typed antigenically and classified epidemiologically as either epizootic or enzootic. Plaque sizes for 148 of these strains were determined, and the pH requirements for hemagglutination (HA) of goose erythrocytes of 131 were studied. Only antigenic variant group IABC strains could be classified epidemiologically as epizootic. In vitro these strains were characterized by the formation of small plaques in Vero cells and a relatively narrow pH range for optimum HA reactivity. Experimental studies in horses confi...
Observation on the morphology of contagious equine metritis bacterial colonies isolated from infected pony mares. In uterine or cervical specimens obtained from pony mares infected with streptomycin-resistant contagious equine metritis bacteria, several colonies of the bacteria which differed in morphologic characteristics were recognized during their primary isolation on Eugon chocolate agar and tryptose chocolate agar plates. The differences were usually not observed until plates were incubated 10 to 15 days. On Eugon chocolate agar plates, smooth colony, sandy colony with rings, and colony with blebs were recognized. On tryptose chocolate agar plates, only a round smooth convex colony was observed. By ...
Serological investigation of horse sera for antibodies against mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas. Sera from horses with respiratory disease (RD) have been investigated using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test, enzyme immune assay, and the metabolic inhibition test, and sera from mares after abortion, using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test and enzyme immune assay, for antibodies against Mycoplasma equirhinis, M subdolum, M. equigenitalium, M. pulmonis, M. felis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, A. hippikon and A. equifetale. Antibodies were found against all mycoplasma and acholeplasma species tested, more often against acholeplasmas. The antibod...
Internal fixation of a tibial fracture in an adult horse. A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare was examined because of hindlimb lameness from incomplete fracture of the tibia, which became a complete diaphyseal fracture during the examination. The fracture was repaired by open reduction and internal fixation with lag screws and 2 neutralization plates. A cranial approach was used and the plates were placed craniolateral and medial on the tibia. At 18 months after surgery, there was no evidence of complications resulting from the fracture or its repair. It was concluded that a cranial approach with craniolateral and medial plate placement allows easier inse...
Isolation of a retrovirus from cultured equine sarcoid tumor cells. A virus with the morphologic and biochemical properties of the family Retroviridae has been isolated from cultured cells explanted from a malignant tumor induced by intradermal inoculation of equine sarcoid cells into a combined immunodeficient Arabian foal. By electron microscopy, intracytoplasmic, extracellular, and budding particles measuring 89 to 120 nm with electron-lucent cores were seen. Virus purified from the medium of cultured cells had a buoyant density of 1.15 g/cm3 in isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation, incorporated radiolabeled uridine but not thymidine, and had constitut...
Stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from horse, pig, sheep and man. Optimal conditions for stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were established for equine, porcine, ovine and human lymphocytes in MEMS medium. Optimal thymidine concentration was determined for assay of cell transformation. With all species tested horse serum gave highest thymidine incorporation. Homologous serum was not more appropriate for lymphocytes of man, pig and sheep. Optimal stimulation was achieved at 20, 0.5-5, 5, and 10-40 micrograms PHA per 10(6) cells for human, equine, porcine and ovine lymphocytes, respectively.
Efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review. The avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. One of them has been chemically modified and given the non-proprietary name ivermectin. The compounds have shown efficacy against various stages of filarial parasites. With respect to pre-adult stages in the mammalian host, activity has been observed against Dirofilaria immitis in ferrets and dogs, and Dipetalonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii in jirds (Meriones); but activity has not been observed against the developing stages of Brugia spp. in jirds or Onchocerca spp. in cattle. The compounds have not shown act...
[Artificial infestation of horses with the eggs of the stomach botfly (Gastrophilidae)]. 10 foals were artificially infected for the first time with eggs of Gastrophilus intestinalis, G. veterinus, G. haemorrhoidalis, G. inermis, G. nigricornis. 63 to 67% of the 1st stage larvae die in the first period of life after emergence from the egg, at the moment of invasion into the skin and at the beginning of the migration. In 40 to 45 years after the infection most larvae (73 to 82%), depending on their specific belonging, were found in the stomach, duodenum and rectum.
[Two cases of tetany in the horse (author’s transl)]. Two cases of tetany in the horse are reported. The two patients were thoroughbreds. One was eight and the other thirteen years old. The mares were in heat and were brought to the service (stud) station to be mated. Both patients were nursing a foal. One was a four-week-old foal and the other was seven weeks old. The calcium level of the serum had dropped in the two patients, to 4.0 mg and 5.4 per ml. respectively. The magnesium level was 1.0 mg and 1.9 mg per 100 ml. respectively. The animals responded satisfactorily to intravenous infusion of calcium borogluconate and magnesium chloride. One ...
