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Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
Crystallographic studies of a calcium binding lysozyme from equine milk at 2.5 A resolution. The crystal structure of a calcium binding equine lysozyme has been determined at 2.5 A resolution by means of molecular replacement. The energy minimized equine lysozyme as the starting model, was refined with the molecular dynamics program, X-PLOR, and the R factor of the current model was found to be 24% without any water molecules. The conformation of the calcium binding loop is similar to that of alpha-lactalbumin. The profiles of backbone atomic displacements throughout the lysozyme and alpha-lactalbumin superfamilies are comparable as well as their homologous tertiary structures.
Solid-phase extraction techniques for the determination of glycopyrrolate from equine urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) is a quaternary ammonium salt which serves as a respiratory enhancing drug. It is reportedly used in horse racing to improve breathing. Extraction of glycopyrrolate from equine urine employing unique solid-phase extraction techniques gave a residue suitable for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). LC-MS-MS analysis employed an extract derived from 5 ml of urine subjected to cation-exchange chromatography. The daughter ion of m/z 318 monitored in the positive-ion mode was m/z 116. Recovery of glycopy...
The role of selected biochemical components of equine seminal plasma in determining suitability for deep-freezing. Experiments conducted on the freezability of 400 ejaculates collected from 64 stallions demonstrate the possibility of predicting the semen's ability to withstand the freezing/thawing process. If the sperm concentration, AspAT activity and total protein content in the seminal plasma of raw ejaculates are determined before freezing, the effects of freezing may be forecast in about 80% of the ejaculates.
Total carnitine content of the middle gluteal muscle of thoroughbred horses: normal values, variability and effect of acute exercise. There was no detectable loss of total carnitine associated with intense exercise from the middle gluteal muscle of Thoroughbred horses. Measurements made on a single biopsy obtained during the course of a normal training and exercise programme may, therefore, be considered representative of the normal content at rest. The variability in total carnitine content within the normal muscle biopsy area amounted to 13.2 per cent of the normal mean content. Approximately 50 per cent of this variability could be attributed to covariation with citrate synthase, to which it was highly significantly corre...
A new genetic variant Z2 in the Pi system of horses. A new genetic variant in the horse Pi system, designated Z2, was reported in Polish Arabs by using two-dimensional agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of Pi alleles F, G, L, L2, N, S, U, W, Z and Z2 were found to be 0.036, 0.005, 0.171, 0.013, 0.008, 0.237, 0.416, 0.003, 0.107 and 0.004 respectively.
Free fatty acids in exercising Arabian horses fed two common diets. Four Arabian geldings were used in a randomized, repeated measure design to study the effect of two different diets on plasma free fatty acids at rest and during exercise. On each of four sampling days, two horses were fed one of two isoenergetic diets, either 100% corn or 100% alfalfa, at 22% of their estimated daily energy requirement. Two hours after the consumption of the diet, each horse participated in a submaximal standard exercise test consisting of three consecutive 10-min runs of increasing intensity at heart rates of 132, 140 and 147 beats/min, respectively. There were no significan...
Prostaglandin E2-specific binding to the equine oviduct. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) bound specifically (P less than 0.001) to ampullary and isthmic tissue on Day 2 and Day 5 after ovulation. No significant differences (P greater than 0.8) were detected between Day 2 and Day 5 in the specific binding of ampullary or isthmic tissue. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) PGE2 bound specifically to ampullary versus isthmic tissue on both days. Detection of PGE2-specific binding in the oviductal isthmus on Day 2 and Day 5 indicates that the oviduct is responsive to PGE2 when it is capable of transporting equine embryos.
Cloning of highly polymorphic microsatellites in the horse. We have isolated equine microsatellites by screening a genomic library with (TG)n and (TC)n probes. TG microsatellites were found to be more abundant than TC repeats, with an estimated frequency of one per 100,000bp. Sequence analysis of eight TG-positive clones revealed varying structures of the repeat regions; perfect stretches of TG repeats, imperfect stretches of TG repeats and compound regions of TG and TC repeats. Five loci were analysed by PCR and showed extensive polymorphism; three to seven alleles and heterozygosities of 0.40-0.76 were observed when screening 20-30 unrelated individu...
[Physical performance–a comparison between horses and men]. During heavy exercise horses can increase oxygen uptake compared to resting conditions considerably more than man. Processes involved like respiration, heart size, cardiac output, oxygen transport capacity of the blood and oxygen release in the capillaries are discussed. Besides these advantages in the aerobic metabolism conditions for the anaerobic metabolism are also more advantageous in horses than in man. The portion of fast contracting muscle fibers with little fatigue-resistance and also some of the enzymes required for the anaerobic metabolism are higher in horses.
Stabilization of the structure of horse plasma vitamin D binding protein by disulfide bonds. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was isolated from horse plasma in a four-step procedure that involved Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography, gel filtration, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and anion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography. The yield of DBP from 80 mL of plasma was 6-7 mg. Horse plasma DBP closely resembles other plasma DBPs, being a tryptophan-free protein of Mr 53,000. It is able to bind to and block the polymerization of monomeric actin. The secondary structure of DBP was calculated from circular dichroism measurements to be 39% alpha-helix, 42% beta-sheet, and 19% rand...
Epithelial strips: an alternative technique for examining arachidonate metabolism in equine tracheal epithelium. We have developed an alternative method for examining equine tracheal epithelial arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism that utilizes strips of pseudostratified columnar epithelium attached to a layer of elastic tissue 80 to 130 microns thick. We compared the responses of this preparation with those of enzymatically dispersed suspensions of tracheal epithelium obtained from the same animal. Strips incubated with [3H]AA incorporated 40.8 +/- 3.6% of added radioactivity and released 2.55 +/- 0.23% of incorporated radioactivity when stimulated with 5 microM A23187. Values for the cell suspension were 5...
