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Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
The role of selected biochemical components of equine seminal plasma in determining suitability for deep-freezing. Experiments conducted on the freezability of 400 ejaculates collected from 64 stallions demonstrate the possibility of predicting the semen's ability to withstand the freezing/thawing process. If the sperm concentration, AspAT activity and total protein content in the seminal plasma of raw ejaculates are determined before freezing, the effects of freezing may be forecast in about 80% of the ejaculates.
Total carnitine content of the middle gluteal muscle of thoroughbred horses: normal values, variability and effect of acute exercise. There was no detectable loss of total carnitine associated with intense exercise from the middle gluteal muscle of Thoroughbred horses. Measurements made on a single biopsy obtained during the course of a normal training and exercise programme may, therefore, be considered representative of the normal content at rest. The variability in total carnitine content within the normal muscle biopsy area amounted to 13.2 per cent of the normal mean content. Approximately 50 per cent of this variability could be attributed to covariation with citrate synthase, to which it was highly significantly corre...
A new genetic variant Z2 in the Pi system of horses. A new genetic variant in the horse Pi system, designated Z2, was reported in Polish Arabs by using two-dimensional agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of Pi alleles F, G, L, L2, N, S, U, W, Z and Z2 were found to be 0.036, 0.005, 0.171, 0.013, 0.008, 0.237, 0.416, 0.003, 0.107 and 0.004 respectively.
Free fatty acids in exercising Arabian horses fed two common diets. Four Arabian geldings were used in a randomized, repeated measure design to study the effect of two different diets on plasma free fatty acids at rest and during exercise. On each of four sampling days, two horses were fed one of two isoenergetic diets, either 100% corn or 100% alfalfa, at 22% of their estimated daily energy requirement. Two hours after the consumption of the diet, each horse participated in a submaximal standard exercise test consisting of three consecutive 10-min runs of increasing intensity at heart rates of 132, 140 and 147 beats/min, respectively. There were no significan...
Prostaglandin E2-specific binding to the equine oviduct. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) bound specifically (P less than 0.001) to ampullary and isthmic tissue on Day 2 and Day 5 after ovulation. No significant differences (P greater than 0.8) were detected between Day 2 and Day 5 in the specific binding of ampullary or isthmic tissue. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) PGE2 bound specifically to ampullary versus isthmic tissue on both days. Detection of PGE2-specific binding in the oviductal isthmus on Day 2 and Day 5 indicates that the oviduct is responsive to PGE2 when it is capable of transporting equine embryos.
Cloning of highly polymorphic microsatellites in the horse. We have isolated equine microsatellites by screening a genomic library with (TG)n and (TC)n probes. TG microsatellites were found to be more abundant than TC repeats, with an estimated frequency of one per 100,000bp. Sequence analysis of eight TG-positive clones revealed varying structures of the repeat regions; perfect stretches of TG repeats, imperfect stretches of TG repeats and compound regions of TG and TC repeats. Five loci were analysed by PCR and showed extensive polymorphism; three to seven alleles and heterozygosities of 0.40-0.76 were observed when screening 20-30 unrelated individu...
[Physical performance–a comparison between horses and men]. During heavy exercise horses can increase oxygen uptake compared to resting conditions considerably more than man. Processes involved like respiration, heart size, cardiac output, oxygen transport capacity of the blood and oxygen release in the capillaries are discussed. Besides these advantages in the aerobic metabolism conditions for the anaerobic metabolism are also more advantageous in horses than in man. The portion of fast contracting muscle fibers with little fatigue-resistance and also some of the enzymes required for the anaerobic metabolism are higher in horses.
Stabilization of the structure of horse plasma vitamin D binding protein by disulfide bonds. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was isolated from horse plasma in a four-step procedure that involved Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography, gel filtration, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and anion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography. The yield of DBP from 80 mL of plasma was 6-7 mg. Horse plasma DBP closely resembles other plasma DBPs, being a tryptophan-free protein of Mr 53,000. It is able to bind to and block the polymerization of monomeric actin. The secondary structure of DBP was calculated from circular dichroism measurements to be 39% alpha-helix, 42% beta-sheet, and 19% rand...
Epithelial strips: an alternative technique for examining arachidonate metabolism in equine tracheal epithelium. We have developed an alternative method for examining equine tracheal epithelial arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism that utilizes strips of pseudostratified columnar epithelium attached to a layer of elastic tissue 80 to 130 microns thick. We compared the responses of this preparation with those of enzymatically dispersed suspensions of tracheal epithelium obtained from the same animal. Strips incubated with [3H]AA incorporated 40.8 +/- 3.6% of added radioactivity and released 2.55 +/- 0.23% of incorporated radioactivity when stimulated with 5 microM A23187. Values for the cell suspension were 5...
Establishing an acceptability threshold for equine influenza vaccines. Shortcomings in the original methods (based on haemagglutination of erythrocytes) used to measure potency of equine influenza vaccines and antibody responses stimulated by vaccines, coupled with the lack of a reliable challenge system in the target species, has hindered progress in identifying the antigenic content required to provide protection. Reliable methods are now available for measuring the haemagglutinin (HA) content of vaccines and the antibody responses they elicit. The development of challenge systems in the target species has allowed antibody levels consistent with protection to b...
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for equine chorionic gonadotropin/pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (eCG/PMSG). A simple, accurate, sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed that permits the measurement of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin activity in pregnant mare plasmas or serums as well as in commercial and highly-purified preparations. This assay is specific for eCG and eLH which share the same polypeptide structure but differ in their oligosaccharidic chains. The more important result is that this EIA has been found to be give data in very close agreement with the in vivo assay. Therefore this very rapid and convenient assay can be used to measure the activity of eCG/PMSG in pregnant mares...
Synaptonemal complex analysis of an autosomal trisomy in the horse. Synaptonemal complex analysis by electron microscopy of a trisomy 28 in a male horse demonstrated a trivalent or a bivalent plus a univalent in primary spermatocytes. Two of the chromosomes making up the trivalent were, most often, completely paired with each other and only partially paired or associated with the third one. Half of the spermatocytes analysed demonstrated heterologous pairing or association between the free axis of the trivalent and the sex bivalent. The pairings remained, to a large extent, into diakinesis-metaphase I. In most pachytene cells one autosomal bivalent showed prox...
