The integration of technology in equine management encompasses a range of tools and systems designed to enhance the care, training, and monitoring of horses. This includes wearable devices that track vital signs and activity levels, providing data for health assessments and performance optimization. Advanced imaging techniques, such as thermography and ultrasonography, aid in the diagnosis and treatment of equine injuries and conditions. Additionally, developments in genetic testing contribute to understanding hereditary traits and potential health risks. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the application, effectiveness, and impact of technology in various aspects of equine care and management.
Morris DD.THERE are indications for therapeutic uses of all portions of
whole blood in large animal patients but plasma and its isolated components have the largest number of immediate
applications. As recently as 10 years ago, whole fresh blood
was the only routinely administered blood product. However,
as even cross-match compatible erythrocytes are removed
from circulation within two to four days by the reticuloendothelial system, whole blood is a poor product for expansion of
vascular volume or supplying plasma components if the
patient has no immediate need for increased oxygen carrying
cap...
Hoshino Y, Gorziglia M, Valdesuso J, Askaa J, Glass RI, Kapikian AZ.An equinine rotavirus FI-14 strain, originally isolated from a diarrheic foal in New York state, was shown to belong to serotype 3 by neutralization assay. In addition, it was found to react with both subgroup I and subgroup II monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), thus representing the first rotavirus strain to exhibit both subgroup specificities. By using hybridoma technology, we successfully produced monoclonal antibodies directed against the major inner capsid protein VP6 (the sixth gene product) of FI-14 virus. Such monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically ...
Powis RL.In order to successfully sort out the information, both real and bogus, in an ultrasonic image, one must have a fundamental understanding of the physical and electronic events that produced the image. We have looked at the basic science, signal processing, some case examples of ultrasound science in practice, and some popular illusions. It is a good starting place for the newcomer to ultrasonic imaging.
Tithof PK, Rebhun WC, Dietze AE.A linear array 5 mHz ultrasonic scanner was used to diagnose aorto-iliac thrombosis in a 3 year old Standardbred gelding. There are no reports in the literature of utilization of ultrasonography for visualization of an aortic thrombus. The technique is fairly non-invasive, requiring only a rectal examination with a linear array probe. Arteriography is the only other method described for actual visualization of a thrombus. This procedure is technically difficult and highly invasive.
Steiss JE, Yuill GT, White NA, Bowen JM.A force plate system for measurement of the vertical component of the force applied by a horse's limb on ground contact was modified. The modifications included use of steel supporting posts for improved durability and an additional strain gauge on each arm of the Wheatstone bridge for increased sensitivity and temperature compensation. Data from clinically normal horses are provided to indicate the performance obtained with these modifications of the force plate system.
Fredricson I, Drevemo S, Dalin G, Hjertën G, Björne K.Locomotive disorders constitute a serious problem in horse racing which will only be rectified by a better understanding of the causative factors associated with disturbances of gait. This study describes a system for the quantitative analysis of the locomotion of horses at speed. The method is based on high-speed cinematography with a semi-automatic system of analysis of the films. The recordings are made with a 16 mm high-speed camera run at 500 frames per second (fps) and the films are analysed by special film-reading equipment and a mini-computer. The time and linear gait variables are pre...
Scott EA, Sandler GA.Electromagnetic blood flowmeters and flow probes are used to measure blood flow in blood vessels throughout the circulatory system. The principle of this measuring device is based on laws of electromagnetic induction discovered in the 19th century. The instrument has been predominantly used in research, but is presently used in human cardiovascular units to measure blood flow in blood vessels, and in prosthesis in conjection with cardiovascular surgical procedures. Electromagnetic flow equipment provides the most accurate measurement (in vivo) of blood flow available, both for acute and chroni...
Hill G, Atkins R, Littlejohn A, Kruger JM, Bowles F.A robust low cost portable radiotelemetry system is described for the horse and its method of operation and advantages briefly discussed. The equipment consisted of 2 electrodes forming a bipolar lead, a transmitter, a receiver and a writing device. The sitting, application and immobilising of the electrodes was a most important factor in obtaining good quality recordings. ECGs were recorded at all paces and also while jumping and the results proved satisfactory.
Zhao Y, Ren X, Wu H, Hu H, Cheng C, Du M, Huang Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Yi L, Tao J, Li Y, Lin Y, Su S, Dugarjaviin M.Anaerobic fungi are effective fibre-degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of horses. However, our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited, especially in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. For the first time, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyse and predict fungal microbial diversity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of Mongolian horses. The results revealed that the richness and diversity of fungi in the hindgut of Mongolian horses were much higher than those in the foregut. The foregut was dominated by Basid...
Frabasile L, Amendola C, Buttafava M, Chincarini M, Contini D, Cozzi B, De Zani D, Guerri G, Lacerenza M, Minero M, Petrizzi L, Qiu L, Rabbogliatti V....Biosensors applied in veterinary medicine serve as a noninvasive method to determine the health status of animals and, indirectly, their level of welfare. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been suggested as a technology with this application. This study presents preliminary time domain NIRS measurements of optical properties (absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and differential pathlength factor) and hemodynamic parameters (concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and tissue oxygen saturation) of tissue domestic animals, specif...
Braga PRC, Dos Santos CA, Bertani AMJ, Vieira T, Amarante AF, Reis AD, Sacchi CT, Camargo CH, Ribeiro MG, Borges AS, Tiba-Casas MR.This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic faeces of a foal in Brazil and co-harbouring the mcr-9, blaCMY-2 and qnrB19 antibiotic resistance genes. Bacterial isolate positive for mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and broth microdilution for colistin and polymyxin B. The isolate was submitted to whole genome sequencing by Illumina technology and Nanopore Sequencing. Conjugation assays, plasmid sizes determined by S1-PFGE and ...
Li N, Dai S, Wu H, Zhang F, Song S, Guo Y, Wang S, Chang S, Zeng S.The application of embryo recovery and transfer technology in the donkey industry is far lower than that of horses and cattle. Sometimes the recovered embryos could not be transferred in time, which required embryo cryopreservation. The embryo cryopreservation technology is more conducive to the preservation and transportation of recovered embryos with excellent genetic traits. However, this technique for donkey embryos is not efficient and needs further optimization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different manual puncture methods on the viability and pregnancy rate...
Bindi F, Vezzosi T, Sala G, Freccero F, Marmorini P, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M.Smartphone-based technology for ECG recording has recently spread as a complementary tool for electrocardiographic screening and monitoring in adult horses and in other animal species. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a smartphone-based ECG in healthy foals. This was a prospective observational study (authorization n. 45,865/2016) including 22 foals aged less than 21 days. A reference standard base-apex ECG (rECG) was acquired, and a smartphone ECG (sECG) was recorded immediately after by using a smartphone-based single lead electrocardiograph. All ECG tracings...
Hatrisse C, Macaire C, Hebert C, Hanne-Poujade S, De Azevedo E, Audigié F, Ben Mansour K, Marin F, Martin P, Mezghani N, Chateau H, Chèze L.Back mobility is a criterion of well-being in a horse. Veterinarians visually assess the mobility of a horse's back during a locomotor examination. Quantifying it with on-board technology could be a major breakthrough to help them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a method of quantifying the back mobility of horses from inertial measurement units (IMUs) compared to motion capture (MOCAP) as a gold standard. Reflective markers and IMUs were positioned on the withers, eighteenth thoracic vertebra, and pelvis of four sound horses. The horses performed a walk and trot in strai...
Verdegaal EJMM, Howarth GS, McWhorter TJ, Delesalle CJG.Hyperthermia and exertional heat illness (EHI) are performance and welfare issues for all exercising horses. Monitoring the thermoregulatory response allows for early recognition of metabolic heat accumulation during exercise and the possibility of taking prompt and effective preventative measures to avoid a further increase in core body temperature (Tc) leading to hyperthermia. Skin temperature (Tsk) monitoring is most used as a non-invasive tool to assess the thermoregulatory response pre- and post-exercise, particularly employing infrared thermographic equipment. However, only a few studies...
Ren W, Wang J, Zeng Y, Wang T, Meng J, Yao X.Kazakh mares have attracted widespread attention with their outstanding lactation traits. Lactation is a complex dynamic process regulated by multiple factors. The extensive application of transcriptome sequencing technology enables researchers to further explore this biological issue. This study selected three pregnant and three non-pregnant Kazakh mares as the research subject. Their mammary glands were taken for transcriptome sequencing. The results show that there are 9 lncRNAs and 122 mRNAs differentially expressed between the two groups. GO enrichment analysis shows that there are 175 mo...
Peña FJ, Martín-Cano FE, Becerro-Rey L, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Gaitskell-Phillips G, da Silva-Álvarez E, Gil MC.We are currently experiencing a period of rapid advancement in various areas of science and technology. The integration of high throughput 'omics' techniques with advanced biostatistics, and the help of artificial intelligence, is significantly impacting our understanding of sperm biology. These advances will have an appreciable impact on the practice of reproductive medicine in horses. This article provides a brief overview of recent advances in the field of spermatology and how they are changing assessment of sperm quality. This article is written from the authors' perspective, using the sta...
Matsuura A, Torii S, Ojima Y, Kiku Y.Although there have been advances in the technology for measuring horse body size with stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) scanners, previously reported methods with a single scanner still face a significant challenge: the time necessary for scanning is too long for the horses to remain stationary. This study attempted to scan the horse simultaneously from four directions using four scanners in order to complete the scans in a short amount of time and then combine the images from the four scans on a computer into one whole image of each horse. This study also compared body measurements from th...
Kallerud AS, Marques-Smith P, Bendiksen HK, Fjordbakk CT.A markerless artificial intelligence (AI) system for lameness detection has recently become available but has not been extensively compared with commonly used inertial measurement unit (IMU) systems for detecting asymmetry under field conditions. Objective: Comparison of classification of asymmetric limbs under field conditions and comparison of normalised asymmetry data using a markerless AI system (SleipAI; recorded on a tripod mounted iPhone 14pro [SL]); the Equinosis Q Lameness Locator (LL); the EquiMoves (EM); and subjective evaluation (SE). Methods: Descriptive clinical study. Methods: S...
Fonte JS, Alonso MA, Junior MPM, Gonçalves MA, Pontes JH, Bordignon V, Fleury PDC, Fernandes CB.This retrospective study aimed at identifying factors that contribute to the success of equine in vitro embryo production by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A total of 7993 ovum pick-up (OPU) sessions were performed, totaling 2540 donor mares and semen from 396 stallions. Oocytes were aspirated at multiple sites in Brazil and were sent to the laboratory, within 6 h from OPU, in pre-maturation medium where they were in vitro matured (IVM) followed by ICSI and in vitro embryo culture for 7-8 days. The number of recovered oocytes, matured oocytes, cleaved embryos and blastocysts were us...
Taesuji M, Rattanamas K, Yim PB, Ruenphet S.The Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card, a cotton-based cellulose membrane impregnated with a chaotropic agent, effectively inactivates infectious microorganisms, lyses cellular material, and fixes nucleic acid. The aim of this study is to assess the stability and detection limit of various RNA viruses, especially the avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and African horse sickness virus (AHSV), on the FTA card, which could significantly impact virus storage and transport practices. To achieve this, each virus dilution was inoculated onto an FTA card and stored at r...
Torres Borda L, Roth P, Lumetzberger J, Auer U, Jenner F.Sociopositive interactions with conspecifics are essential for equine welfare and quality of life. This study aimed to validate the use of wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) technology to quantify the spatial relationships and dynamics of social behaviour in horses by continuous (1/s) measurement of interindividual distances. After testing the UWB devices' spatiotemporal accuracy in a static environment, the UWB measurement validity, feasibility and utility under dynamic field conditions was assessed in a group of 8 horses. Comparison of the proximity measurements with video surveillance data estab...
Romeiro PS, Weber SH, Justino EJ, Michelotto PV.The use of immersive methodologies is a trend in the educational environment, but their outcomes in the teaching-learning process need to be better understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of the educational environment on learning equine distal limb ultrasonography, comparing immersive classroom, traditional classroom, and virtual classroom. A total of 153 veterinary medicine students from the first to the third semester participated in this study. The students were divided into four groups: traditional (n = 22), immersive (n = 100), online (n = 31), and traditional-immer...
Tiwari M, Gujar G, Shashank CG, Ponsuksili S.High altitude adapted livestock species (cattle, yak, goat, sheep, and horse) has critical role in the human socioeconomic sphere and acts as good source of animal source products including milk, meat, and leather, among other things. These species sustain production and reproduction even in harsh environments on account of adaptation resulting from continued evolution of beneficial traits. Selection pressure leads to various adaptive strategies in livestock whose footprints are evident at the different genomic sites as the "Selection Signature". Scrutiny of these signatures provides us crucia...
Haase L, Sedlmayr B, Jung IC, Sedlmayr M, Monett D, Winter J.Existing research agrees that a well-thought design of the user interface is a key point for an mHealth application for animal owners, supporting them obtain information and make decisions regarding their pet's specific situation. However, there is currently a lack of specific advice on the design of such an application. Methods: As part of a user-centered design (UCD) process, a formative, explorative usability test with n = 5 users was conducted for collecting design ideas. The test was conducted for two applications that were already available on the market. Results: The need of supporting ...
Chodkiewicz A, Prończuk M, Studnicki M.In order to understand the role of horses in ecosystems and to effectively use their grazing in the protection of grasslands, it is important to assess where they primarily stay, followed by whether these habitats are used for grazing or resting. The main goal of the study was the model development based on artificial intelligence tools which allow to distinguish the basic levels of activity performed by horses using data from an accelerometer mounted in a collar worn by animals. The model calibration was based on direct observations of five randomly selected Polish primitive horse mares. In o...
