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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in diagnostic equine serum samples and their possible association with fetal loss. A case-control study of the association between the presence of serum antibodies against Neospora spp. and fetal loss was performed on serum samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in northwestern United States. Control sera were randomly selected from those submitted from healthy horses for routine equine infectious anemia testing required for regulatory health certification. Case sera were randomly selected from those submitted from aborting mares for diagnostic workup. Based on a 1:50 or greater titer on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, 8% of the 160 control sera and ...
Aflatoxin in dog and horse feeds in turkey. Aflatoxin levels were determined by ELISA in 18 dog and 20 horse feed samples, collected from different firms from June 2000 to June 2001 in Turkey. The minimum and maximum levels of total aflatoxin in the dog and horse feeds were <1.75-20 microg/kg and <1.75-14 microg/kg, respectively; 3/18 dog feed samples (16.7%) and 2/20 horse feed samples (10%) exceeded the Turkish tolerance limit of 10 microg/kg in food or feed.
The molecular basis of Streptococcus equi infection and disease. Streptococcus equi is the aetiological agent of strangles, one of the most prevalent diseases of the horse. The animal suffering and economic burden associated with this disease necessitate effective treatment. Current antibiotic therapy is often ineffective and thus recent attention has focused on vaccine development. A systematic understanding of S. equi virulence, leading to the identification of targets to which protective immunity can be directed, is a prerequisite of the development of such a vaccine. Here, the virulence factors of S. equi are reviewed.
Chronic clenbuterol administration negatively alters cardiac function. Chronic administration of pharmacological levels of beta2-agonists have been shown to have toxic effects on the heart; however, no data exist on cardiac function after chronic clenbuterol administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of therapeutic levels of clenbuterol on cardiac performance. Methods: Twenty unfit Standardbred mares were divided into four experimental groups: clenbuterol (2.4 microg.kg(-1) twice daily 5 d.wk(-1)) plus exercise (20 min at 50% .VO(2max)) (CLENEX; N = 6), clenbuterol (CLEN; N = 6), exercise (EX; N = 4), and control (CON; N = 4). M-mode and ...
Arcanobacterium hippocoleae sp. nov., from the vagina of a horse. A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on a previously unidentified gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, diphtheroid-shaped organism isolated from a vaginal discharge of a horse. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the strain was a member of the genus Arcanobacterium, but sequence divergence values of >4% with described species of this genus (viz: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Arcanobacterium bernardiae, Arcanobacterium phocae, Arcanobacterium pluranimalium and Arcanobacterium pyogenes) demonstrated that the isolate represented a novel species. The unknown bacteriu...
Identification of broadly recognized, T helper 1 lymphocyte epitopes in an equine lentivirus. Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is a horse lentivirus causing lifelong, persistent infection. During acute infection, CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are probably involved in terminating plasma viraemia. However, only a few EIAV CTL epitopes, restricted to fewer horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles, are known. As interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting CD4(+), T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes promote CTL activity and help maintain memory CTL, identifying broadly recognized EIAV Th1 epitopes would contribute significantly to vaccine strategies seeking to promote s...
Analysis of the variations in clinical signs shown by 254 cases of equine headshaking. A national survey of headshaking in 254 horses was undertaken to describe the clinical signs of the condition as observed by horse owners. Principal component analysis was used to determine the underlying structure of 11 signs and the criteria by which the affected horses could be most effectively differentiated; the analysis suggested five components with a variance greater than one which together explained over 60 per cent of the total variance. Other analyses of the data indicated that headshaking could develop at any age and that twice as many males were affected as females; 64 per cent of...
Pyogranulomatous skin disease and cellulitis in a cat caused by Rhodococcus equi. This report describes a case of Rhodococcus equi infection causing pyogranulomatous skin disease and cellulitis in a two-year-old female domestic shorthaired cat. The case differed from previously reported cases in cats in its clinical presentation and in the locations of the lesions, which were similar to those seen in horses. The presence of an intracellular organism was confirmed by cytology and on histopathology. The aetiological diagnosis was confirmed by routine biochemical tests specific for R. equi on a pure isolate obtained from a biopsy specimen. The report also reviews the literatur...
The parallel helices of the intermediate filaments of alpha-keratin. Recent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection technique (ATR) has been applied to alpha-keratin fibers (horse-hair) extended in water both at 21 and 95 degrees C. Infrared absorption bands in the Amide 1 region indicated that at extensions to 40-50% strain in water at 21 degrees C alpha-helices had completely disappeared and parallel beta-sheets were formed [Appl. Spectrosc. 55 (2001) 552]. However, when the hair fibers were extended to the same strain at 95 degrees C in water the result was the formation of anti-parallel beta-sheets. These results sugg...
Septic flexor tendon core lesions in five horses. Intratendonous infection in the absence of any clinical evidence of a wound has not, to our knowledge, been described previously in horses. This paper reports the clinical features, diagnostic techniques. treatment and outcome in 5 cases of septic flexor tendon core lesions. This condition is characterised by seven lameness and ultrasonographic evidence of a central intratendonous anechoic core lesion which may enlarge rapidly.
Periocular neurofibrosarcoma in a horse. A periocular neurofibrosarcoma was debulked and treated with intralesional cisplatin in a 5-year-old Thoroughbred mare. The horse presented with a 1-year history of a large slowly progressing subcutaneous mass over the right supraorbital process. The mass was surgically debulked, and intralesional cisplatin (1.0 mg/cm3) was injected in 3 doses at 2 weeks, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks postoperatively. No recurrence was noted over a 15-month follow-up period. Histopathology of the mass indicated neurofibrosarcoma.
Spongiotic vesicular dermatitis as a cutaneous reaction pattern in seven horses. Over a 6-year period seven adult horses of different breeds and genders developed multifocal, exudative, oozing dermatitis characterized histologically by epidermal spongiotic vesicles and perivascular eosinophilic, neutrophilic and mixed mononuclear inflammation. Three horses were pruritic. Systemic disease was not noted. Two horses had a history of recurrent urticaria (hives) and one horse had nodules or welt-type lesions that progressed to exudative, oozing lesions. Interepithelial immunoglobulin (Ig)G was detected by avidin-biotin complex-peroxidase staining, but the pattern of staining wa...
Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and identification of Pythium insidiosum. Pythium insidiosum is an important cause of cutaneous and gastrointestinal disease in horses and dogs in the southeastern United States. Culture-based diagnosis of pythiosis is rarely definitive because production and identification of reproductive structures is difficult. The purpose of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for the identification of P insidiosum. Genomic DNA was extracted from 3 clinical isolates of P insidiosum and I isolate each of Pythium graminicola and Pythium arrhenomanes. The ITS I region of the ribosomal RNA gene of each isolate was a...
Mechanistic basis for the gas exchange threshold in Thoroughbred horses. The exercising Thoroughbred horse (TB) is capable of exceptional cardiopulmonary performance. However, because the ventilatory equivalent for O2 (VE/VO2) does not increase above the gas exchange threshold (Tge), hypercapnia and hypoxemia accompany intense exercise in the TB compared with humans, in whom VE/VO2 increases during supra-Tge work, which both removes the CO2 produced by the HCO buffering of lactic acid and prevents arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) from rising. We used breath-by-breath techniques to analyze the relationship between CO2 output (VCO2) and VO2 [V-slope lactate t...
[Successful direct transfer of a deep frozen-thawed equine embryo]. Embryos were flushed on day 7 after ovulation from two mares, and frozen using a conventional slow freezing procedure in phosphate buffered (PBS) saline supplemented with 10% FCS, 1.5 mol/L ethylene glycol and 0.25 mol/L sucrose. One of the two embryos was thawed after 10 months of storage in liquid nitrogen and transferred directly (without dilution of the cryoprotectant and quality examination) to a synchronized recipient. This transfer resulted in the birth of a live female foal. To our knowledge, this is the first live foal born after direct transfer of a frozen-thawed equine embryo.
Detection of antibodies to Borna disease virus (BDV) in Turkish horse sera using recombinant p40. Brief report. The nucleoprotein of Borna disease virus (BDV-p40) was produced in a Baculovirus expression system using sf9 cells. The purity and specificity of the recombinant p40 was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. The recombinant p40 was used in an ELISA to screen horse sera in Turkey. For this, 323 horses from selected cities in the Marmara region of Turkey were examined clinically and serum was collected from each. All horses were clinically healthy except for a few with wounds on the skin. Antibodies to BDV were detected in the sera of 82 (25%) of 323 horse sera. Six sera were selected that h...
Treatment of unobserved oestrus in a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate up to 60 days post-partum. The efficiency of treatments for unobserved oestrus and their effect on the reproductive performance of a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate till 60 days post-partum (dpp), attributed to the declivous and slippery concrete floor were investigated. The herdsman requested advice in order to improve the mean days open of the herd, but no investments were allowed because a new unit was about to be built. Due to the low oestrus detection rate of the herd, the breeding policy was to inseminate at the first detected post-partum oestrus. Cows were examined at 20-30 dpp to assess uterin...
5-Hydroxytryptamine mediated contractions in isolated preparations of equine ileum and pelvic flexure: pharmacological characterization of a new 5-HT(4) agonist. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), HTF 919, a new 5-HT(4) agonist, and the antagonists SB 203-186 (5-HT(4)) and tropisetron (5-HT(3)) on intestinal motility were tested in vitro on isolated preparations of horse ileum and pelvic flexure. Concentration-response curves were created by cumulative application of the agonists with or without preincubation of the antagonists. The 5-HT preparation induced a concentration-dependent contraction in equine ileum and pelvic flexure. The results indicate that 5-HT receptors are present in all parts of equine intestine investigated in this study. Tr...
Fusion of the distal sesamoid and distal phalanx in a yearling colt. This paper describes a rare malformation of the distal portion of the left foredigit of a 15-month-old half-bred colt which was severely lame. Radiological, pathological and tomographic studies revealed hypoplasia of the metacarpophalangeal skeleton, absence of the distal sesamoid and deformation of the distal phalanx. Morphological analysis of the lesion and computerised measurement of the width of the articular surface of the distal phalanx suggested an early fusion between the distal sesamoid and distal phalanx.
Detection of lipid peroxidation in equine spermatozoa based upon the lipophilic fluorescent dye C1l-BODIPY581/591. The lipophilic fluorescent probe, 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1 ,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY581/591) was used to evaluate changes in lipid peroxidation in equine spermatozoa during both short-term exposure to ferrous sulfate and sodium ascorbate in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide as well as during storage of spermatozoa at 5 degrees C for 48 hours. Peroxidation of C11-BODIPY581/591 was accompanied by a shift in fluorescence from red to green, and the relative amount of nonoxidized probe was determined as the ratio of red:(red + green) fluorescenc...
An unusual case of upper respiratory obstruction in a horse. No abstract available
