Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Rogers HJ.Under a variety of conditions of concentration, Eh, and pH, horse anti- serum and normal horse serum exerted similar bacteriostatic effects against Type A. Ferric iron abolished the bacteriostatic effect when added during the first 2 hours of incubation at Eh+60 mV. Ferrous iron abolished the bacteriostatic effect when added after 3 hours. Ferric iron abolished the bacteriostatic effect at—140 mV. A mixture consisting of horse β- and γ-globulins together with human transferrin exerted a bacteriostatic effect similar to that of whole serum. This system responded in the same way as whole se...
Shortridge EH.Extract
Recent reviews of brucellosis in horses (Stableforth and Galloway, Citation1959; Mascaro and Hoffman, Citation1963: Ritscher, Citation1963) refer to Brucella abortus associated with fistulous withers, arthritis and debility and emphasize the rarity of abortion caused by this organism. One case of abortion in a mare caused by Br. abortus was reported as having occurred in Iowa, U.S.A. (McNutt and Murray, Citation1924).
Haque RU.A technique for identifying and characterizing staphylococcal hemolysins by first separating them electrophoretically in barbital-buffered agar gel (pH 8.4) at 5 ma/cm for 2 hr and then determining their hemolytic activities by exposing them to human, horse, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes is described. The alpha-hemolysin produced by a White variant of the Wood 46 strain of Staphylococcus aureus migrated 18 mm towards the cathode, and it lysed horse, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes, whereas a Clear variant of the Wood 46 strain of S. aureus produced a lysin which migrated similarly to the alpha...
Rockey JH.Eight antigenically unique immunoglobulins have been identified in purified equine anti-p-azophenyl-beta-lactoside (Lac) antibody isolated from a single horse. The Fc fragments of the gammaGa-, gammaGb-, gammaGc-, and -gammaA-globulins have been shown to possess unique antigenic determinants. Common gammaG- and gammaA-Fc fragment antigenic determinants, which were absent from the 10Sgamma(1)- and gammaM-globulins, have also been observed. All antibody populations share two antigenically distinct light (B, L) chain variants. The association of anti-Lac antibody with the hapten p-(p-dimethylamin...
Boye JK, Bulkeley EA, Dujovne GA.To describe uterine prolapse, predispositions, and outcomes in mares treated between 1988 and 2019. 24 mares with uterine prolapse. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed, and follow-up information was gathered. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test were used to analyze results for history and outcome variables for potential association with mare survival to hospital discharge. The χ2 test was used to compare breed distribution. Age was known in 23 mares (median, 11.1 years). For 15 mares with exact known parity, the median parity was 3 births (range, 1 to 13 births). For 22 m...
Fuller MC, Abutarbush SM.A 10-year-old gelding was presented with a tongue that had swelled immediately after oral administration of oxfendazole, using an udder infusion cannula. The tongue appeared to have been punctured inadvertently. The horse recovered after treatment with intravenous fluid, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Administering oral medication by this method should be discouraged. Un cheval hongre âgé de 10 ans a été présenté avec une langue devenue tuméfiée immédiatement après l’administration orale d’oxfendazole à l’aide d’une canule à infusion du pis. La langue semblait a...
Lowe JE, Baldwin BH, Foote RH, Hillman RB, Kallefelz FA.Three Quarter-horse stallions were surgically thyroidectomized at 18 months of age. Weekly semen collections were made from these and three control stallions from 25 to 39 months of age. Although the induced state of hypothyroidism in young stallions has a depressing effect on libido and general animation and can be corrected by thyroprotein supplementation, semen characteristics, testicular histology and fertility are not affected by the operation.
Meistrich ML.The problem of extrapolating effects of reproductive toxins on experimental animals to predict the doses that would produce infertility in human males is discussed using published data on effects of testosterone and estradiol on sperm production in the rat, rabbit, rhesus monkey, ram, stallion, and humans. This analysis indicates that calculation of the dose of testosterone that reduces human sperm counts by a given percentage is best done using the dose administered to laboratory animals expressed on the basis of body weight, as opposed to some other parameter such as body surface area. A sur...
Maniego J, Pesko B, Habershon-Butcher J, Hincks P, Taylor P, Stewart G, Proudman C, Ryder E.Gene doping in horses is a threat to the fairness in sport and has serious implications for animal welfare. To investigate the effect of long-term storage on the detection of AAV in plasma and whole blood, samples from an administration study using an adeno-associated virus serotype 6 expressing green fluorescence protein (AAV6-GFP) were stored at -20°C for 8 months before analysis. The AAV vector was detected in stored plasma samples, following the same detection profile as the fresh plasma samples. The stored blood showed lower overall DNA detection but followed the same detection profile ...
Sandoval JA, Gil F, Arencibia A, Ayala I, Vazquez JM.By using m-ATPase techniques, under alkaline and acid pre-incubations, as well as metabolic techniques (alpha-MGPDH and NADH-TR), sections from the lumbar and costal portions of diaphragm muscle in horse and dog were analysed. Fibre samples were exposed to image-analysis observations in order to determine the lowest fibre diameter and obtain statistical data. The findings revealed that the lumbar portion of horse diaphragm consists of fibre types I, IIA and IIB; in the costal portion, the fibre type I and IIA were present. In the dog, the lumbar and costal portions consisted of fibre types I, ...
Ablett JM, Fairbairn SM, Page CP, Lees P, Cunningham FM.A role for platelets in allergic airways disease has been postulated and changes in the responsiveness of circulating platelets have been demonstrated following antigen challenge of asthmatic human subjects. In this study agonist-induced aggregation of equine platelets in vitro has been compared before and after exposure of horses to a controlled hay and stray challenge. Prior to challenge the response of platelets, from horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and normal animals, to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and platelet activating factor (PAF) did not differ. Five hours aft...
Bertram TA.Differences in neutrophil morphology between various species of domestic animals are evident when morphometric techniques are used. Morphometric analysis can be coupled with functional assays of degranulation to demonstrate changes in granule volume after neutrophil activation (Bertram and Jensen, 1984). Morphometric and functional analysis of the neutrophil can also be used to evaluate the response of neutrophils to infectious agents (Coignoul et al., 1984a). Comparison of these assays between animal species may provide insight into the susceptibility of animals to various microbial pathogens...
Hobo S, Hiraga A, Birks EK, Takahashi T, Hada T, Jones JH.A study was undertaken to find if the reason why horses hypoventilate when running is that they experience expiratory flow limitation due to dynamic airway closure. To test this hypothesis, we measured peak expiratory flows on a Thoroughbred galloping on a treadmill and hypoventilating and compared those flows with the peak dynamically-limited flow that the same horse could achieve during a forced expiratory flow-volume manoeuvre. At the approximate lung volumes at which the horse was ventilating while running, it did not appear to be mechanically limited and appeared to have reserve capacity ...
Takizawa T, Ito T.Supposing two mathematical models, additive and multiplicative, the authors estimated the secular trends of annual morbidities (1949 approximately 1975) of twelve infectious diseases of domestic animals. For each diseases ten different trend curves were fitted. It was found that five regression equations, namely, those for bovine trichomoniasis, bovine tuberculosis, equine infectious anemia, pullorum disease in chickens, and foulbrood, gave the coefficient of determination of 97.9, 92.7, 91.0, 93.5, and 85.2%, respectively. Four of them were multiplicative, and the remaining one for equine inf...
Stott ML, Osburn BI.Long-term equine lymphocyte cultures were initiated and maintained in continuous culture with medium containing recombinant human interleukin-2. Cultures were successfully maintained with lectin activation signals and recombinant human interleukin-2 or with recombinant human interleukin-2 alone. All cell cultures that were characterized had a T-lymphocyte phenotype and had lectin-dependent or -independent cytotoxicity directed to various cell types. These findings demonstrate that long-term equine T-lymphocytes cultures can be initiated and maintained easily.
Targowski SP.The present study describes a two step technique for the separation of mononuclear leukocytes or mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from whole equine blood. First, the leukocyte rich plasma was obtained by sedimentation of erythrocytes in the undiluted blood. Subsequently, separation of the different populations of white blood cells was performed by centrifugation with different gradients overlaid with the leukocyte rich plasma. The optimal separation of the mononuclear cells was obtained by the centrifugation of the leukocyte rich plasma overlaying the gradient containing 24 parts o...
