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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Prevalence of Onchocerca cervicalis in equids in the Gulf Coast region. Microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis were detected in midventral skin biopsy samples in 64 of 84 (76%) mixed-breed ponies greater than 2 years old from the Gulf Coast area and in 42 of 51 (82.4%) horses from Louisiana breeding herds. The number of microfilariae per 8 mm of biopsied skin (ponies) ranged from 1 to 21,570. The number of microfilariae per 6 mm of biopsied skin (horses) ranged from 8 to 55,600.
Management of proximal sesamoid bone fractures in the horse. The case records of 49 horses with proximal sesamoid bone fracture were studied. The population consisted of 20 Thoroughbreds, 20 Standardbreds, 5 Quarter Horses, 2 Arabians, and 2 grade horses. The fractured bones were classified into 5 categories: apical fractures, basilar fractures, abaxial fractures, middle one-third fractures, and bilateral comminuted-distracted fractures. Apical fractures occurred most frequently in the Standardbred, with the prevalence of medial fracture being equal to that of lateral fracture. Basilar fractures occurred predominantly in the Thoroughbred, with the highe...
Quantitative analysis of long-bone growth in the horse. Long-bone growth at the distal ends of the radial bones, the distal ends of the 3rd metacarpal bones, the distal ends of the 3rd metatarsal bones, and the proximal ends of the proximal phalangeal bones (of thoracic and pelvic limbs) was quantitatively analyzed in 9 Thoroughbred-Quarter Horse foals from birth to 2 years of age. Metal growth markers were surgically implanted in the bones of the animals at 2 to 4 days of age. Radiographs of the bones were made on the day of surgical manipulation, the next day, and then once a week for 8 months, and once a month thereafter for an additional 18 mon...
Research needs on internal parasites of horses. The importance of the horse industry to the economy of the United States and the impact of parasitic infections on the industry are well documented. However, contemporary research activity on internal parasites of horses has not kept pace with growth of the horse population. Parasitic infections are a major facet of enteritis and colic in horses. Parasites are also associated with poor growth and development, respiratory tract disease, dermatitis, and CNS lesions. Babesia infections remain a threat to horses imported from some regions of the world. Most research activity has dealt with the dev...
Genomic alterations associated with persistent infections by equine infectious anaemia virus, a retrovirus. The unique periodic nature of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is believed to result from the ability of the infecting virus. EIAV, to undergo relatively rapid antigenic variations which circumvent host immune responses resulting in distinct virus populations in sequential clinical episodes in the persistently infected horse. This model was examined by oligonucleotide mapping comparisons of the RNA genomes of selected isolates of EIAV. Variations in oligonucleotide maps could be reproducibly demonstrated (i) after adaptation of the laboratory strain of EIAV to replication in a pony, (ii) after ...
Kinetics of electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and iron hexacyanides. The reduction of horse and Candida krusei cytochromes c by ferrocyanide has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and the reaction found to involve a precursor complex of ferrocyanide bound to ferricytochrome c (pH* 7.4, 2H2O, I = 0.12, and 25 degrees C). The electron transfer rate constants for the reduction of the two ferricytochromes by associated ferrocyanide were found to be the same at 780 +/- 80 sec-1 but the association constants for binding of ferrocyanide to ferricytochrome c were significantly different: horse, 90 +/- 20 M-1 and Candida, 285 +/- 30 M-1. The different association const...
Nonrandom ventricular rhythm in horses with atrial fibrillation and its significance for patients. RR interval sequences during spontaneous atrial fibrillation in eight horses were analyzed as in previous studies in patients and dogs using histograms and serial auto-correlograms. In patients and dogs with spontaneous atrial fibrillation, ventricular rhythms were always random. In the horses, the histograms were skewed with median RR intervals of approximately 1,000 ms. A striking finding in these animals was the presence of long RR intervals up to 5,000 ms in duration. The shortest RR intervals lasted 400 to 600 ms. In contrast to findings in dogs and patients, the serial autocorrelograms s...
Ascorbate reduction of horse heart cytochrome c. A zero-energy reduction reaction. The ascorbate reduction of horse heart ferricytochrome c in 0.05 M phosphate + 0.25 M sodium sulfate, at pH 7.3, as a function of temperature, 12-36 degrees C, and at alkaline pH 8.4 using stopped flow technique has been examined. The data have been analyzed in terms of a two-step mechanism, binding followed by reduction (Myer, Y.P., Thallam, K.K., and Pande, A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9666-9673). At neutral pH and up to about 26 degrees C, the first order reduction constant is independent of temperature, i.e. with zero or near-zero activation energy. At higher temperatures, it becomes temp...
Anatomy of the tarsal tendons of the equine tibialis cranialis and peroneus tertius muscles. Tendons of insertion of the equine tibialis cranialis muscle and peroneus tertius muscle (PT) were dissected grossly. Precise areas of tendon attachment and fiber arrangements within the tendons were described for the dorsal and medial tendons of the tibialis cranialis, and for the superficial lateral, deep lateral, dorsal, and medial tendons of the PT. Direct attachment of the dorsal and medial tendons of the PT into the periosteum of the central and 3rd tarsal bones and the 3rd metatarsal bone indicates that the PT may be involved in the pathogenesis of hock lamenesses.
Some aspects of equine placental exchange and foetal physiology. THERE is no shortage of anatomical information on the equine foetus and its placenta, from the early work of Ruini in the 16th century to the recent studies of Steven and colleagues (Steven 1982); by contrast, knowledge of the physiology of the foal in utero is sparse. In other domestic animals there have been considerable ads ances in foetal and neonatal physiology and endocrinology in recent years due mainly to the develop-ment of the chronically catheterised foetal preparation in which sequential observations can he made in the conscious animal (Silver 1981). Some information about the deve...
Respiratory studies in foals from birth to seven days old. Respiratory measurements and blood-gas and acid-base values are reported in nine term induced foals. Measurements were performed at 2, 15, 30 and 60 mins, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h, and four and seven days after birth. Minute respiratory volume was significantly lower at birth than values from 12 h old. Tidal volume peaked at 60 mins old, while respiration rate decreased significantly at 15 mins after birth. Oxygen consumption was high at birth and decreased to its lowest values at 24 and 48 h. The respiratory exchange ratio and ventilatory equivalent showed few significant changes to seven days, as ...
Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 2: Treatment. New developments in therapy for foals in respiratory distress are discussed. Therapy is based on preservation of the foal's life by maintenance of a patent airway, resuscitation with fluids and warmth, provision of humidified oxygen to raise the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen sufficient to avoid hypoxia and provision of ventilatory support when hypercapnia becomes critical. Ventilatory support described includes assisted and controlled ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent mandatory ventilation. The aims of these techni...
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in exercising Thoroughbreds: preliminary results with pre-exercise medication. Thoroughbreds with a confirmed history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) were treated pre-exercise with atropine sulfate, cromolyn, ipratropium or furosemide. Atropine prevented EIPH in 3 of 3 trials in 1 horse, while having no significant effect on bleeding status in the other 2 horses. Pre-exercise treatment with cromolyn had no significant effects in the 3 horses. Pre-exercise treatment of ipratropium was apparently responsible for preventing EIPH in 17 out of 18 trials in 2 horses. The pharmacologic properties of ipratropium in the horse have not been studied, but based on hu...
Studies on equine prematurity 1: Methodology. This paper describes the general management of mares and foals during the perinatal period and the methodology used in a collaborative research project on equine prematurity. Sixteen mares with dated pregnancies delivered 45 foals over three breeding seasons (1981 to 1983). In the majority, parturition was induced with oxytocin and/or fluprostenol; the remainder were allowed to foal spontaneously. Pre-colostral milk analysis provided a means of assessing the pre-foaling status of the mare. All were observed and monitored before, during and after parturition and the sampling protocol for both m...
Ampicillin trihydrate in foals: serum concentrations and clearance after a single oral dose. Five foals from two to three days old were given a single oral dose of ampicillin trihydrate (20 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]). Serum ampicillin concentrations were measured serially over a 24 h period. The study was repeated in the same foals at 16 to 21 days old. The mean peak serum ampicillin concentration at two to three days old was 5.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h after treatment; the mean peak serum concentration at 16 to 21 days old was 2.7 micrograms/ml at 2 h. The concentrations steadily declined and ampicillin was not detected in the serum from any of the foals by 24 h. Serum clearance averaged 1...
