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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
The effects of dipyridamole on TXA2 formation by horse platelet microsomes. The effects of dipyridamole on thromboxane A2 formation by horse platelet microsomes were studied in comparison with those of imidazole, a prototype inhibitor of TXA2 synthetase and nifedipine, a calcium antagonistic vasodilator. Thromboxane A2 was synthesized by incubating PGH2 with horse platelet microsomes and was assayed on the superfused rabbit aorta. Dipyridamole induced as strong an inhibition of TXA2 synthesis as imidazole, while nifedipine was without effects. The possible beneficial clinical outcomes of this effect of dipyridamole are discussed.
The activity of closantel as an equine antiparasitic agent. Eighteen pony foals were experimentally infected with 500 third stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris at 2 weeks, and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after birth. For the duration of the study, all foals were kept in the same pasture with their mothers to allow natural infection with other parasites by exposure to a contaminated environment. Twelve of the foals were utilized in groups of 3 and treated orally five times at two month intervals starting at one month of age with closantel at doses of 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg kg-1. Ten months after birth the foals were necropsied to determine the parasitic burdens...
Difference in sizes of human compared to murine alpha-subunits of the glycoprotein hormones arises by four-codon gene deletion or insertion. The sizes of the human and subhuman alpha-subunits of the glycoprotein hormones differ by four amino acids (hCG alpha, 92 amino acids; murine, equine, bovine, and ovine alpha, 96 amino acids). The shortening of the human alpha-subunit has been attributed to posttranslational proteolysis. We have recently determined the nucleotide sequences of the mRNAs encoding the precursors of the alpha-subunit of mouse TSH and rat gonadotropins using recombinant DNA techniques. In this report, we have compared these nucleotide sequences and their deduced amino acid sequences with those of the pre- alpha-sub...
Studies on the strongyle egg output of horses after treatment with oxfendazole (Synanthic vet. Syntex). The effect of oxfendazole (Synanthic vet. Syntex) on the strongyle egg output of naturally infected horses was evaluated. It was demonstrated that the compound, administered orally as an 18,5% paste or as 6,48% pellets mixed in feed (46.3 grams per 300 kg bodyweight) at a dose-rate of 10 mg per kg bodyweight, markedly reduced the strongyle egg output over a 10 week period. As this period to egg reappearance is considerably longer than for most other anthelmintics at recommended dose levels, oxfendazole may be considered a valuable compound for the control of strongylosis in horses.
Induction of parturition in mares: effect on passive transfer of immunity to foals. Parturition was induced in 11 mares, using a synthetic prostaglandin. Eight mares, not treated, were used as controls. There was no significant difference between the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of the treated and control mares. The concentration of IgG in the colostrum of treated mares compared favorably with that reported for naturally foaling mares. Four foals from treated mares died or were euthanatized because of weakness during the 1st 24 hours after birth. The mean IgG concentration in the surviving foals from treated mares at 24 to 36 hours of age was 1,561 mg/100 ml, w...
[Contribution to the parasitic fauna of the GDR (German Democratic Republic). 7. Occurrence of Gasterophilus larvae (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in horses]. Observations were carried out from May 1977 to May 1980 on occurrence, fauna, and seasonal dynamics of Gasterophilus spp. in 2,539 horses for butchering from all districts of the German Democratic Republic and also in 79 horses after control against gasterophilosis. 99.98% of the 13,742 second and third instar larvae of horses for butchering were Gasterophilus intestinalis, only 0.02% Gasterophilus nasalis. Out of 7,765 larvae passed after control measures Gasterophilus intestinalis dominated with more than 96%. Only in four districts of the German Democratic Republic Gasterophilus nasalis was...
Decreased tear production associated with general anesthesia in the horse. Schirmer I tear tests were conducted on 14 horses. The test was performed before and after IV administration of xylazine hydrochloride, during maintenance anesthesia with halothane in oxygen, and 3 hours after discontinuation of anesthesia. Xylazine hydrochloride did not decrease tear production from the mean base-line value of 23.94 +/- 5.23 mm/min after its IV administration. Tear production was decreased to mean values of 15.57 +/- 4.29 mm/min at 30 minutes and 13.84 +/- 4.25 mm/min at 60 minutes during the maintenance of halothane anesthesia. Three hours after anesthesia was discontinued, ...
Equine esophageal pressure profile. Esophageal motility was studied in 5 healthy adult horses, using a 4 side-hole catheter assembly continuously perfused with distilled water. Resting pressure and maximal pressures generated during swallowing were measured over the whole length of the esophagus (mean +/- S means = 132.7 +/- 2.31 cm). Four functionally distinct regions of the esophagus were demonstrated: cranial esophageal sphincter, caudal esophageal sphincter, and "fast" and "slow" regions in the body of the esophagus. The resting pressure of the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincters were 171.1 +/- 20.45 (x +/- S means) and...
Pathologic changes in 3-methylindole-induced equine bronchiolitis. The pathologic features of bronchiolitis were studied in horses and ponies from 30 minutes to 27 days after an oral dose of 3-methylindole (3MI). From 30 minutes to 3 hours, lesions were limited to nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, which lost apical caps and cytoplasmic granules and had dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). At 12 hours, necrotic Clara cells were exfoliated; degeneration and necrosis were evident, in bronchiolar ciliated cells. Rare epithelial cells with hyperplastic SER appeared on the denuded basal lamina at 24 hours. Inflammatory cells, epithelia, fibro...
Equine complement activation as a mechanism for equine neutrophil migration in Onchocerca cervicalis infections. Extracts of Onchocerca cervicalis, an equine parasite, were incubated with radiolabeled equine neutrophils and neutrophil migration was assessed for factors derived from the parasite itself or for host-derived factors after incubation of these same parasite extracts with equine serum. No stimulus for cell migration was observed in saline extracts of adult worms, uterine microfilariae, or skin microfilariae at any dosage tested. However, after incubation of saline extracts with fresh normal equine sera a marked stimulus for neutrophil migration was observed. Ablation of this biologic activity w...
Marker characteristics of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains isolated before and after epidemics and equine epizootics in Middle America. Ninety-four strains of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus isolated from sentinel hamsters exposed in the Middle American countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras were examined for the presence of virions with marker characteristics of strains that cause large epidemics and equine epizootics. Thirty-four strains came from before and 60 strains came from after the Middle American epidemics and equine epizootics of 1966 and 1969-1972. Twenty-three virion clones that resembled epizootic strains by hydroxylapatite chromatography and Vero monkey kidney cell plaque size determinations wer...
Fine structure of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 within lymphocytes and erythrocytes of horses: an in vivo and in vitro study. The development of Babesia equi (Piroplasmia) in the vertebrate host was studied by electron microscopy. The tick-borne sporozoites initiated an exoerythrocytic schizogony in lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures the schizonts of B. equi lay as fissured bodies directly within the host cell forming numerous cytomeres. These cytomeres were bordered by a single membrane and contained polymorphous nuclei. Merozoite differentiation was initiated at several places by protrusions appearing at the periphery of the cytomeres. The cytoplasm of the schizont merged progressively into th...
Investigations into the biology of three ‘phycomycotic’ agents pathogenic for horses in Australia. Although 'phycomycosis' is a common disease of horses in northern Australia little is known about the causative fungi. In this paper the laboratory methods for diagnosis are described. These revealed 38 cases caused by Pythium sp. (Hyphomyces destruens), 6 cases caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus and 2 caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. Laboratory studies on the chemotatic behaviour of zoospores of Pythium sp. showed that they were strongly attracted to both animal hairs and plant tissue. Because of this behaviour a simple baiting method using human hair was used to trap the fungus from water s...
[A pony with “false” colic]. Report on the case of a pony with colic submitted a to the department of internal medicine. However, the animal was found to be affected with dilatation of the oesophagus which had given rise to acute pleurisy resulting from rupture of the wall of the oesophagus. The diagnosis was established after death.
Effects of common radioiodination procedures on the binding of glycoproteins to immobilized lectins. Representative glycoproteins including fetuin, protein A, ovalbumin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and the major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus were labelled with 125I by the chloramine-T or Bolton-Hunter procedure and their binding to immobilized Con A or lentil lectin compared to untreated samples of each glycoprotein. Glycoprotein modification was no greater than one substituted residue per protein molecule. Yet the radioiodinated glycoproteins typically displayed only 0-50% of the lectin binding observed with untreated samples. These results indicate that lectin glycoprotein b...
[Dynamics of the functional, biochemical and hormonal indices of racehorses]. Parallel physiologic, biochemical, and hormonal investigations of racehorses were carried out within the time period of a training cycle. The changes found in the physiologic and biochemical indices were said to be in a general relationship with the amount of physical training of the animals, at the same time reflecting some seasonal variations. The changes in the level of T-4 and cortisol were found to be in direct relationship with the continuation of training.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase-like properties of horse kidney alkaline phosphatase. Two isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase from horse kidney were identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Horse kidney alkaline phosphatase was similar to horse intestinal alkaline phosphatase, in regard to both antigenicity and response to levamisole inhibition, but different from horse liver alkaline phosphatase. This study suggests that horse kidney alkaline phosphatase is an expression of the intestinal gene locus and not the hepatic gene locus.
Population studies on the ELA system in American standardbred and thoroughbred mares. 336 Standardbred mares and 334 Thoroughbred mares in the vicinity of Lexington, Kentucky, were lymphocyte typed for 11 allelic antigenic specificities of the equine lymphocyte antigen (ELA) system. The Standardbred mares were divided into a population of pacers and a population of trotters. Substantial differences in ELA gene frequencies were found between the 3 groups. When the distribution of antigens within populations were compared to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, relatively good agreement was found.
