Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Gronwall R, Engelking LR, Anwer MS, Erichsen DF, Klentz RD.Surgically placed bile duct cannulas allowed collection of secreted bile from nonanesthetized ponies. UNINTERRUPTED ENTEROPHEPATIC CIRCULATION WAS PERMITTED BETWEEN COLLECTIONS. Deleterious effects of cannulation were not observed. Average bile flow was 18.6 plus or minus 1.72 (standard error) mul/minute/kg, bile acid excretion was 0.179 plus or minus 0.0212 mumole/minute/kg, and bilirubin excretion averaged 1.22 plus or minus 0.136 mug/minute/kg.
Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF.A number of O-acetylated N-acylneuraminic acids, isolated from submandibular glands of cow and horse and from horse erythrocytes, have been characterized by mass spectrometry. On the basis of the typical fragmentation patterns of the pertrimethylsilyl derivatives of the methyl esters of the compounds, they were identified as 4-O-acetyl-, 9-O-acetyl-, 4,9-di-O-acetyl-, and 7,9-di-O-acetyl N-acetylneuraminic acid, and 4-O-acetyl-and 9-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
Sisodia CS, Kramer LL, Gupta VS, Lerner DJ, Taksas L.Pharmacological disposition of chloramphenicol was studied in horses. Minimum levels of the antibiotic (greater than or equal to 5 mu g/ml) in blood or plasma recommended to combat infections could not be achieved by 4.4 and 8.8 mg/kg I.V. or 30 and 50 mg/kg I.M. or 30 mg/kg oral (as palmitate salt) doses of chloramphenicol. Increasing the dose to 19.8 and 26.4 mg/kg I.V. provided such levels for about two and three hours respectively. A combination of 20 mg/kg I.V. and 30 mg/kg I.M. administered simultaneously did not provide more prolonged levels than 26.4 mg/kg I.V. alone. Chloramphenicol s...
Rossdale PD.The place of clinical research in the veterinary profession is discussed against the author's personal experiences and in the context of how research workers, clinicians, teachers and veterinary students might be brought into a more cohesive unit through the development of a Faculty of clinical research and experimental medicine. It is argued that students should receive training in research and teaching and that efforts should be made to break down the attitude of "them" and "us" which tends to separate the clinicians and academics.
Drudge JH, Lyons ET, Tolliver SC.Three formulations of cambendazole were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by critical testing method in 21 horses. Cambendazole suspension was administered via stomach tube at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg to 3 horses and at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg to 3 horses. Cambendazole paste was given intraorally to 8 horses, and the pellet formulation was fed to 7 horses at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg. Anthelmintic activity of cambendazole was similar for all dose rates and formulations. Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus nasalis, Draschia megastoma, Anoplocephala perfoliata, and Anoplocephala magna...
Hughes JP, Kennedy PC.TWo cases of XO-gonadal dysgenesis in the mare are presented. Case No 1 was a pure 63, XO, while Case No 2 was a mosaic with a preponderance of XX cells. The clinical picture was one of phenotypically normal female mares with small uteri and infantile ovaries. The ovaries lacked germ cells, and consisted of stroma only. This study emphasizes the importance of chromosome analysis in providing information concerning the mechanisms involved is some cases of equine infertility.
Rawlings CA, Bisgard GE, Dufek JH, Buss DD, Will JA, Birnbaum ML, Chopra PS, Kahn DR.Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PEMO) was performed in 6 adult ponies with the membrane oxygenator in vein-to-artery bypass circuit. A flow rate equal to 46 per cent of control cardiac output was diverted through the PEMO circuit of 10 to 24 hours. Three of the 6 ponies were perfused for at least 20 hours and developed no complications. Immediately following initiation of PEMO, left ventricular output decreased; however, in the interval between 6 and 24 hours, left ventricular output was increased above control levels. Aortic pressure and left ventricular work were markedly elev...
Jones RS.Surgical repair of a cleft palate was carried out in three horses. Mandibular symphisotomy allowed adequate exposure of the defect. The first subject, a young foal died from inhalation pneumonia but the other two made satisfactory recoveries. The problems of closure of the lip and symphysis are discussed.
Crowhurst RC.Diseases of the back of horse and man are not comparable owing to the great difference in anatomy and posture. Veterinary surgeons, particularly in the United Kingdom, are often requested to account for a poor performance due to suspected "back trouble" but a complete examination of the horse's back is most difficult and care must be taken first to exclude any limb or foot lesions. Diseases of the bones, nerves and muscles are briefly discussed. Diagnosis must be improved by new radiographic and biochemical tests before the significance of back lesions can be assessed or even treated.
Ricketts SW.The author describes a technique for obtaining endometrail biopsy specimens from mares. the noraml cyclincal histology of the endometrium and anarbitarry classification histology of the endometrium and an arbitarary classification of the histopathology seen in endometrial biopsy speciemens. Previous literature on the subject is cited. Results of endometrial biopsies taken by the author from 134 barren mares, with histories of subfertility are descirbed and classified. The use of the technique and the interpretationof its find ings in relation to reproductive performance is discussed.
Bhavnani BR, Martin LJ, Baker RD.A mixture of 1-14C-isopentenylpyrophosphate and 3H-dehydroisoandrosterone was injected into a horse fetus intramuscularly during laparotomy, after which maternal urine was collected for 4 days. Steroid conjugates in the urine were extracted with Amberlite XAD-2 resin, hydrolysed and separated into phenolic and neutral fractions. From the phenolic fraction estrone, 17alpha-estradiol, equilin and equilenin were isolated. Only estrone and 17alpha-estradiol contained both 3H and 14C, while the ring B unsaturated estrogens contained only 14C. From the neutral fraction 14C-labeled 3beta-hydroxy-5alp...
Cermák O.The paper describes the relation of citric acid to other chemical and biological indices of the fertility of stallion sperm. A positive relation was found between citric acid and the density and motility of spermatozoa, to the concentration of ergothioneine, and hemolytic activity, and a negative relation to pH and to the polarographic activity of proteins. Attention is drawn to the important nutritional function of citric acid.
Argenzio RA, Stevens CE.Effects of diet and time after feeding on osmolality and inorganic ion content of gastrointestinal digesta were studied in 24 ponies. Animals, fed either a conventional or a low-protein, high-cellulose diet, were sacrificed 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after a meal. Animals fed the conventional diet showed cyclic variations in the ionic composition and osmolality of digesta with time after feeding. The most marked variations were seen in the contents of the stomach and small colon. However, results also indicated a cyclic appearance and disappearance of Na in large intestinal contents that correlated with...
ter Laak EA.The properties of the bacterium, symptoms, post-mortem findings, diagnosis, therapy, control, prevention and epizootiology of contagious equine metritis 1977 (CEM) are reviewed. This disease was previously diagnosed in most of the countries surrounding the Netherlands, but has not been reported so far in the Netherlands. On the analogy of the serum adopted in other countries, a code of practice was developed to prevent and control this disease when it is diagnosed.
Slocombe JO, McCraw BM.Sixteen pony foals were reared worm-free and inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris. On day 7 after inoculation, 12 ponies were given a fenbendazole 10% suspension at dose rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight by stomach tube. On day 8 after inoculation, 8 of these ponies were given the 2nd treatment of the anthelmintic and on day 9, 4 of these ponies were given the 3rd treatment. (The other 4 of the 16 ponies were given only tap water, as controls.) The ponies were necropsied at death or on day 28 after inoculation. Fenbendazole was effective in minimizing the appearance of clinical signs associated w...
Harvey JW, Kaneko JJ.Glutathione reductase (GR) was studied in erythrocytes of horses, cats, dogs, and man. Glutathione reductase activity was measured in hemolysates with and without preincubation of hemolysates with flavinadenine dinucleotide. The percentage saturation of GR apoenzyme with cofactor (flavin-adenine dinucleotide) was lower in cats and dogs than in horses or man. The greatest amount of inactive apoenzyme was in feline erythrocytes. Total GR activity listed in order by species is cat greater than man greater than dog greater than horse. Kinetic constants for oxidized glutathione and reduced nicotina...
Teruya JM, Santa Rosa CA, Giorgi W, Yanaguita RM.A serological examination was carried out for L. monocytogenes antibodies on 9,318 domestic animal--7,809 bovine, 838 horses and 671 swine--in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum agglutination in tubes was the method used. Only somatic antigens from serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b were employed. It was considered reagent all sera reacting in a titer 1/20 while as positive only sera with 1/320 or above. According this criteria the results showed showed that in cattle 17.8% were reagent but only 8 sera were positive for types 1, 2 and 4b. Only type 1 was found in horses in a rate of 22.7% reagent, and 11 pos...
Carstanjen B.Effective, non-invasive bone assessment methods for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of the skeleton are more and more requested in veterinary medicine. In contrast to clinical parameters, invasive methods and imaging techniques, indices of bone turnover is a tool for bone metabolism evaluation of the whole skeleton. Biochemical bone markers therefore provide a more real-time assessment of the bone status with simple blood- or urine-analysis. This article surveys currently available biochemical marker of bone metabolism used in veterinary medicine. Additionally, information is provided about...
Moll HD, Schumacher J, Dabareiner RM, Slone DE.Three horses underwent exploratory celiotomy because of signs of acute abdominal pain. At surgery, all horses were diagnosed as having left dorsal displacement of the large colon. Each surgery was complicated by fibrous adhesions of the spleen to the body wall. All horses had previously undergone abdominal surgery for colic. In these cases, it appeared that the left large colon displaced cranially and then entered the renosplenic space from a cranial to caudal direction. Adhesions of the spleen to the body wall would prevent correction of left dorsal displacement of the large colon by the roll...
Livesey MA, Arighi M, Ducharme NG, Horney FD, Hurtig MB.Incarceration of the large colon by the suspensory ligament of the spleen was diagnosed and surgically corrected on exploratory celiotomy in 76 horses exhibiting abdominal pain. The condition was diagnosed most frequently during the winter months in mature males of mean age 4.7 years. Clinical signs progressed slowly and included mild to moderate abdominal pain and distension with moderate tachycardia. The mean duration of colic prior to surgical intervention was 20.7 hours. The mild nature of the colic, the findings on palpation per rectum, and the continued passage of feces in 40% of horses,...
Klee S, Nürnberger MC, Keller H, Ungemach FR.A therapeutical dose of kanamycin was tested intravenously and intramuscularly in four normal standardbreds and plasma concentrations were measured over a 12 hour period. Plasma levels exceeded a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 micrograms/ml within only 15 minutes for 8 hours both after i.v. and i.m. injection. Kanamycin revealed a mean plasma half life of 2.3 hours. Bioavailability of an intramuscular dose was about 76%. The pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrate the rapid onset of antibacterial plasma levels of the test compound. A dose regimen for horses of two times daily 5 mg/kg bod...
Brice AG, Forster HV, Pan LG, Lowry TF, Murphy CL, Mead J.We studied the changes in breathing and respiratory muscle electromyograms (EMG) during passively induced increases in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) in awake normal (N), hilar nerve-denervated (HND), carotid body-denervated (CBD), and HND + CBD ponies. EELV was increased by applying continuous negative pressure (-10 and -20 cmH2O) around the torso of the standing pony. In all groups, negative pressure produced sustained increases in EELV that were linearly related to the degree of negative pressure. Elevated EELV decreased breathing frequency (f) in N and CBD ponies but increased f in HND ...
Cabañes FJ, Abarca L, Bragulat MR, Calvo MA.The ability of 17 strains of Epidermophyton to perforate hair in vitro using the Ajello & Georg's test procedure and a modification of Lu's method has been studied. Following the Ajello & Georg's test procedure only E. stockdaleae perforated hair. Sporadically some strains of E. floccosum perforated horse hair. We noted as well unusual perforations originated from inside to outside of the hair. By the other technique, all strains, excepting E. floccosum var. nigricans in child hair, perforated hair. E. floccosum showed these perforations later than E. stockdaleae.
Manning M, Dubielzig R, McGuirk S.A foal with azotemia, acidemia, and electrolyte abnormalities was diagnosed with uroperitoneum. The foal was anesthetized with isoflurane, and throughout the 4 hours of anesthesia and abdominal surgery, its mean arterial pressure ranged between 45 and 65 mm Hg. The foal developed a myopathy postoperatively and died 24 hours after surgery.
Izzati MRNZ, Noraniza MA, Adamu L, Rasedee A.Endurance horses are usually eliminated from the race due to lameness, metabolic ailments or technical reasons. The purpose of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the metabolic disorder index (MDI) in predicting metabolic eliminations in endurance horses during an endurance race. Fifty-four endurance horses competing on two local endurance tracks were involved in the study. Blood samples were collected a day prior to the event to determine packed cell volume (PCV), chloride (Cl), interleukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and glutathione reductase (GR) concentrations fro...
Daniel GB, Tucker RL, Buckman T, Daniel SL.Isolated equine granulocytes (WBC), radiolabeled with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) or 111In-oxine, were evaluated in vitro for their labeling characteristics, viability, and phagocytic function over a 6-hour postlabeling period. Mean +/- SD labeling efficiency for 111In-oxine-WBC was 62.2 +/- 15.3%, which was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than that for 99mTc-HMPAO-WBC (32.0 +/- 17.0%). In vitro elution of radiolabel from cells was significantly (P less than 0.02) greater for 99mTc-HMPAO-WBC at 0.5, 2, and 4 hours, but was not significantly different from elutio...
