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Viruses2019; 11(10); 933; doi: 10.3390/v11100933

A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus.

Abstract: Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-11 PubMed ID: 31614538PubMed Central: PMC6832603DOI: 10.3390/v11100933Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on the creation of a two-part (bivalent) vaccine for preventing equine influenza virus (EIV), using reverse genetics technology. The created vaccine was shown to be safe and effective in horses when administered in a prime-boost regimen, reducing clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion.

Study Goal and Methodologies

The study aimed to develop a more effective vaccine for EIV by leveraging reverse genetics technology that can
accommodate the current variations of the virus. The traditional EIV vaccines have become less effective due
to the genetic and antigenic evolution of EIV. Therefore, the researchers created a bivalent live-attenuated
influenza vaccine (LAIV) that includes representative strains from both clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages
of EIV, in accordance with the World Organization for Animal Health’s recommendations.

  • The researchers combined a previously described Clade 1 EIV LAIV with a newly generated Clade 2 EIV LAIV. The latter contains
    the six internal genes of Clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of Clade 2 Rich/07 LAIV.
  • The safety profile, immune response, and protective efficiency of this bivalent EIV LAIV was then tested on horses, the
    natural hosts for EIV.

Research Findings

The research demonstrates that the vaccination of horses using the newly generated bivalent EIV LAIV was safe and effective.

  • When administered via a prime-boost regimen, it conferred protection against both Clade 1 and Clade 2 wild-type EIVs.
  • The tests showed promising results, with a reduction in clinical signs of illness, fever, and virus excretion.

This research represents the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that aligns with OIE
recommendations.

Significance and Future Applications

The significance of the study lies not only in the creation of a more effective EIV vaccine but also in the demonstrated
feasibility of using reverse genetics to adapt to the evolving strains of EIV.

  • This approach allows for the potential production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and prevention of other
    EIV strains relevant to horses.
  • The vaccine contains parts of both Clade 1 and Clade 2 EIVs, making it a more comprehensive option for protection
    against currently circulating EIV strains.
  • It also uses the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) to generate the necessary bivariate
    EIV LAIVs to cope with viral variations.

Cite This Article

APA
Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Reedy S, Oladunni FS, Nogales A, Murcia PR, Chambers TM, Martinez-Sobrido L. (2019). A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus. Viruses, 11(10), 933. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100933

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PII: 933

Researcher Affiliations

Blanco-Lobo, Pilar
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. piblanlo@gmail.com.
Rodriguez, Laura
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. laurita85oviedo@hotmail.com.
  • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, E28022 Madrid, Spain. laurita85oviedo@hotmail.com.
Reedy, Stephanie
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. sereed0@uky.edu.
Oladunni, Fatai S
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. kanmi01@gmail.com.
Nogales, Aitor
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. nogales.aitor@inia.es.
  • Center for Animal Health Research- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain. nogales.aitor@inia.es.
Murcia, Pablo R
  • MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1AF, UK. Pablo.Murcia@glasgow.ac.uk.
Chambers, Thomas M
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. Thomas.Chambers@uky.edu.
Martinez-Sobrido, Luis
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. luis_martinez@urmc.rochester.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Influenza, Human / prevention & control
  • Reverse Genetics / methods
  • Reverse Genetics / veterinary
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Vaccines, Synthetic

Grant Funding

  • MC_UU_12014/9 / Medical Research Council
  • MC_UU_120/14/9 / Medical Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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