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PloS one2014; 9(1); e86607; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086607

A chromosomal region on ECA13 is associated with maxillary prognathism in horses.

Abstract: Hereditary variations in head morphology and head malformations are known in many species. The most common variation encountered in horses is maxillary prognathism. Prognathism and brachygnathism are syndromes of the upper and lower jaw, respectively. The resulting malocclusion can negatively affect teeth wear, and is considered a non-desirable trait in breeding programs. We performed a case-control analysis for maxillary prognathism in horses using 96 cases and 763 controls. All horses had been previously genotyped with a commercially available 50 k SNP array. We analyzed the data with a mixed-model considering the genomic relationships in order to account for population stratification. Two SNPs within a region on the distal end of chromosome ECA 13 reached the Bonferroni corrected genome-wide significance level. There is no known prognathism candidate gene located within this region. Therefore, our findings in the horse offer the possibility of identifying a novel gene involved in the complex genetics of prognathism that might also be relevant for humans and other livestock species.
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Publication Date: 2014-01-21 PubMed ID: 24466169PubMed Central: PMC3897735DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086607Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the link between a specific chromosome region in horses (ECA13) and a common dental trait known as maxillary prognathism. By studying the genetics of 96 horses with the trait and comparing them to 763 others, two significant predictive gene markers were found on the ECA13 region. This could hint at a previously unidentified gene responsible for prognathism, which might have implications beyond horses to humans and other species.

Objective of the Research

  • The primary goal of this research was to understand the genetic basis of maxillary prognathism, a prevalent dental trait in horses that causes the upper jaw to extend beyond the lower one, leading to malocclusion, unfavorable teeth wear, and unattractiveness for breeding programs. The researchers aimed to identify potential genetic markers tied to this trait.

Study Design and Participants

  • The study made use of a case-control design, involving 96 instances of horses with maxillary prognathism (cases), and 763 horses without this trait (controls).
  • All participating horses had previously undergone genotyping using a commercially available 50k (50,000) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array. This array provides a snapshot detailing variations in horses’ DNA.

Data Analysis and Results

  • To take into account potential errors due to population stratification (differences in allele frequencies that can lead to spurious results), a mixed model considering genomic relationships was used to analyze the data.
  • Analysis led to the identification of two significant SNPs located at the distal end (far end from the center) of the ECA13 chromosome. These SNPs reached the required statistical significance level even after applying stringent Bonferroni correction (a method to compensate for multiple comparisons).

Implications and Future Work

  • Interestingly, there wasn’t any previously recognized gene associated with prognathism in this specific ECA13 region. This finding opens up the possibility that a yet unknown gene located here may be involved in the development of prognathism.
  • Expanded understanding of the genetic underpinnings of prognathism in horses could potentially be relevant to other livestock species, or even humans, thereby offering potential in the broader field of genetics, veterinary science, dentistry, and breeding practices.

Cite This Article

APA
Signer-Hasler H, Neuditschko M, Koch C, Froidevaux S, Flury C, Burger D, Leeb T, Rieder S. (2014). A chromosomal region on ECA13 is associated with maxillary prognathism in horses. PLoS One, 9(1), e86607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086607

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: e86607
PII: e86607

Researcher Affiliations

Signer-Hasler, Heidi
  • School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
Neuditschko, Markus
  • Swiss National Stud Farm, Agroscope, Avenches, Switzerland.
Koch, Christoph
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Froidevaux, Sylvie
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Flury, Christine
  • School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
Burger, Dominik
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Leeb, Tosso
  • Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Rieder, Stefan
  • Swiss National Stud Farm, Agroscope, Avenches, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Breeding
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Chromosomes / genetics
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Genotype
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horses
  • Maxillary Diseases / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics
  • Prognathism / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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