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PloS one2021; 16(4); e0250146; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250146

A comparative study on the lipidome of normal knee synovial fluid from humans and horses.

Abstract: The current limitations in evaluating synovial fluid (SF) components in health and disease and between species are due in part to the lack of data on normal SF, because of low availability of SF from healthy articular joints. Our study aimed to quantify species-dependent differences in phospholipid (PL) profiles of normal knee SF obtained from equine and human donors. Knee SF was obtained during autopsy by arthrocentesis from 15 and 13 joint-healthy human and equine donors, respectively. PL species extracted from SF were quantitated by mass spectrometry whereas ELISA determined apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100. Wilcoxon's rank sum test with adjustment of scores for tied values was applied followed by Holm´s method to account for multiple testing. Six lipid classes with 89 PL species were quantified, namely phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen, and ceramide. Importantly, equine SF contains about half of the PL content determined in human SF with some characteristic changes in PL composition. Nutritional habits, decreased apolipoprotein levels and altered enzymatic activities may have caused the observed different PL profiles. Our study provides comprehensive quantitative data on PL species levels in normal human and equine knee SF so that research in joint diseases and articular lubrication can be facilitated.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-16 PubMed ID: 33861772PubMed Central: PMC8051782DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250146Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper analyzes and compares the lipid content in the synovial fluid (SF) of healthy knee joints in humans and horses, focusing on phospholipid composition and their level variations. The study found that equine SF has about half of the phospholipid content seen in human SF with certain alterations in the phospholipid composition possibly attributed to differences in diet, apolipoprotein levels, and enzymatic activities.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The main objective of this study was to quantify the differences between phospholipid profiles of normal knee synovial fluid obtained from human and equine donors. This comes amidst the general lack of data due to low availability of such fluid from healthy articular joints.
  • Knee synovial fluid was collected post-mortem via arthrocentesis from 15 human and 13 equine, joint-healthy donors. The phospholipid species were then extracted from the fluid and quantified through mass spectrometry. The amount of apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100, a lipid transport protein, was determined through an ELISA.
  • Finally, the researchers used Wilcoxon’s rank sum test with an adjustment of scores for tied values, followed by Holm’s method to account for multiple testing, to analyze the collected data.

Key Findings

  • The researchers successfully quantified six lipid classes with 89 phospholipid species: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen, and ceramide.
  • Noteworthy, the phospholipid content in equine synovial fluid was found to be approximately half of that in human synovial fluid. Also, there were specific changes in the composition of phospholipids between the two species.

Possible Causes of Phospholipid Variations

  • The differences in phospholipid profiles may be due to different nutritional habits of the two species – humans and horses.
  • Decreased levels of apolipoprotein, which are proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins and play a key role in fat metabolism, may also have influenced the observed variations.
  • Differing enzymatic activities between the two species could also be a contributing factor to the variations in the phospholipid profiles.

Impact of the Study

  • This study provides important quantitative data on phospholipid species levels in normal human and equine knee synovial fluid. With this data, future research into joint diseases and articular lubrication can be enhanced as it offers a comparative baseline for normal, healthy conditions.

Cite This Article

APA
Kosinska MK, Eichner G, Schmitz G, Liebisch G, Steinmeyer J. (2021). A comparative study on the lipidome of normal knee synovial fluid from humans and horses. PLoS One, 16(4), e0250146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250146

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Pages: e0250146
PII: e0250146

Researcher Affiliations

Kosinska, Marta K
  • Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Eichner, Gerrit
  • Mathematical Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Schmitz, Gerd
  • Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Liebisch, Gerhard
  • Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Steinmeyer, Jürgen
  • Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Apolipoproteins B / analysis
  • Ceramides / analysis
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Hyaluronic Acid / analysis
  • Knee
  • Knee Joint
  • Lipidomics / methods
  • Lipids / analysis
  • Male
  • Phospholipids / analysis
  • Species Specificity
  • Sphingomyelins / analysis
  • Synovial Fluid / chemistry
  • Synovial Fluid / cytology
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism
  • Young Adult

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

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