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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis / A diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate West N...
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)2012; 12(5); 372-379; doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0709

A diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections and its validation in field surveillance of poultry and horses.

Abstract: The detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in areas endemic for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is complicated by the extensive serological cross-reactivity between the two viruses. A testing algorithm was developed and employed for the detection of anti-WNV antibody in areas endemic for JEV. Using this differentiation algorithm, a serological survey of poultry (2004 through 2009) and horses (2007 through 2009) was performed. Among 2681 poultry sera, 125 samples were interpreted as being positive for antibodies against JEV, and 14 were suspected to be positive for antibodies against undetermined flaviviruses other than WNV and JEV. Of the 2601 horse sera tested, a total of 1914 (73.6%) were positive to the initial screening test. Of these positive sera, 132 sera (5.1%) had been collected from horses that had been imported from the United States, where WNV is endemic. These horses had WNV vaccination records, and no significant pattern of increasing titer was observed in paired sera tests. Of the remaining 1782 positive sera 1468 sera (56.4%) were also found to contain anti-JEV antibodies, and were interpreted to be JEV-specific antibodies by the differentiation algorithm developed in this study. The remaining 314 horses (12.1%) for which a fourfold difference in neutralizing antibody titer could not be demonstrated, were determined to contain an antibody against an unknown (unidentified or undetermined) flavivirus. No evidence of WNV infections were found during the period of this study.
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Publication Date: 2012-01-04 PubMed ID: 22217162PubMed Central: PMC3353748DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0709Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research develops a testing method to distinguish between West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus in areas where both viruses are common, and verifies its efficiency in field studies conducted on poultry and horses.

Objective of the Study

  • The goal of this research was to create an algorithm that can differentiate West Nile virus (WNV) from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in regions where both viruses are endemic. This task is complicated because there’s considerable serological cross-reactivity between these two viruses, making it challenging to distinguish between them.

The Differentiation Algorithm and Its Application

  • The researchers devised an algorithm aimed at detecting antibodies against WNV in areas where JEV is well-established and rampant. They implemented this algorithm in a serological survey of both poultry and horses, carried out from 2004 to 2009.
  • Among 2681 serum samples from poultry, they found 125 samples showing an antibody presence against JEV, and 14 samples suspected of having antibodies against flaviviruses other than WNV and JEV.

Testing with Horse Sera

  • In contrast, when they used the algorithm to test 2601 horse serum samples, they found a significant 73.6% tested positive in initial screening.
  • Among these positive samples, 5.1% had been taken from horses imported from the United States, a region where WNV is endemic. Despite this, no significant pattern of increasing antibody titer was detected in these horses, all of which had vaccination records for WNV.

Further Differentiation and Conclusion

  • Upon further use of the algorithm, out of the remaining positive samples, 56.4% were found to contain anti-JEV antibodies and, according to the developed differentiation algorithm, were deemed to have JEV-specific antibodies.
  • The remaining 12.1% of horses that failed to show a fourfold difference in neutralizing antibody titer were considered to contain antibodies against an as-yet-unidentified flavivirus.
  • The study concluded with no evidence of WNV infections being found during the course of this research, verifying the efficiency of the developed algorithm in distinguishing between WNV and JEV.

Cite This Article

APA
Yeh JY, Lee JH, Park JY, Seo HJ, Moon JS, Cho IS, Kim HP, Yang YJ, Ahn KM, Kyung SG, Choi IS, Lee JB. (2012). A diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections and its validation in field surveillance of poultry and horses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 12(5), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2011.0709

Publication

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1557-7759
NlmUniqueID: 100965525
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 5
Pages: 372-379

Researcher Affiliations

Yeh, Jung-Yong
  • Foreign Animal Disease Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang-city, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. malvab2848@gmail.com
Lee, Ji-Hye
    Park, Jee-Yong
      Seo, Hyun-Ji
        Moon, Jin-San
          Cho, In-Soo
            Kim, Hee-Pah
              Yang, Young-Jin
                Ahn, Kei-Myung
                  Kyung, Soon-Goo
                    Choi, In-Soo
                      Lee, Joong-Bok

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Algorithms
                        • Animals
                        • Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
                        • Encephalitis, Japanese / diagnosis
                        • Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
                        • Encephalitis, Japanese / virology
                        • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
                        • Horse Diseases / virology
                        • Horses
                        • Population Surveillance
                        • Poultry
                        • Poultry Diseases / diagnosis
                        • Poultry Diseases / virology
                        • Rabbits
                        • Republic of Korea
                        • Sensitivity and Specificity
                        • Serologic Tests / veterinary
                        • West Nile Fever / diagnosis
                        • West Nile Fever / veterinary
                        • West Nile Fever / virology
                        • West Nile virus

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                        This article has been cited 17 times.
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