A national trauma data bank analysis of large animal-related injuries.
Abstract: Large animal-related injuries (LARI) are relatively uncommon, but, nevertheless, a public hazard. The objective of this study was to better understand LARI injury patterns and outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the 2016 National Trauma Data Bank and used ICD-10 codes to identify patients injured by a large animal. The primary outcome was severe injury pattern, while secondary outcomes included mortality, hospital length of stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation usage. Results: There were 6,662 LARI included in our analysis. Most LARI (66%) occurred while riding the animal, and the most common type of LARI was fall from horse (63%). The median ISS was 9 and the most severe injuries (AIS ≥ 3) were to the chest (19%), head (10%), and lower extremities (10%). The overall mortality was low at 0.8%. Compared to non-riders, riders sustained more severe injuries to the chest (21% vs. 16%, p<0.001) and spine (4% vs. 2%, p<0.001). Compared to motor vehicle collisions (MVC), riders sustained fewer severe injuries to the head (10% vs. 12%, p<0.001) and lower extremity (10% vs. 12%, p=0.01). Compared to auto-pedestrian accidents, non-riders sustained fewer severe injuries to the head (11% vs. 19%, p<0.001) and lower extremity (10% vs. 20%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients involved in a LARI are moderately injured with more complex injuries occurring in the chest, head, and lower extremities. Fall from horse was the most common LARI mechanism. Overall mortality was low. Compared to non-riders, riders were more likely to sustain severe injuries to the chest and spine. Severe injury patterns were similar when comparing riders to MVC and, given that most LARI are riding injuries, we recommend trauma teams approach LARI as they would an MVC.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2021-03-12 PubMed ID: 33846000DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.03.020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research study analyzes data related to large animal-related injuries (LARI) from the National Trauma Data Bank in 2016, with the aim of understanding injury patterns and outcomes from LARI. Majority of injuries occurred while riding the animal, with falling from a horse being the most common. The research found that the severe injuries typically involved the chest, head, and lower extremities and that those riding animals sustained more severe injuries compared to non-riders.
Study Methodology
- The study involved a retrospective review of the National Trauma Data Bank.
- ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients who had been injured by large animals.
- Primary outcome centered around patterns of severe injury.
- Secondary outcomes considered included mortality, hospital length of stay, ICU admissions, and usage of mechanical ventilation.
Results and Findings
- From the data examined, 6,662 incidents of large animal-related injuries were identified.
- Out of these, 66% of the incidents occurred while the individual was riding the animal.
- Falling from a horse was the most common type of LARI, accounting for 63% of the occurrences.
- The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was found to be 9.
- Severe injuries (AIS ≥ 3) mainly occurred to the chest, head, and the lower extremities.
- Overall mortality rate was found to be relatively low, at 0.8%.
Comparisons and Conclusion
- Riders were found to sustain more severe injuries to the chest and spine compared to non-riders.
- Compared to motor vehicle collisions (MVC), less severe injuries to the head and lower extremity were noted among riders.
- Pedestrians involved in accidents with automobiles sustained more severe head and lower extremity injuries than non-riders of large animals.
- The study concludes that patients involved in LARI are generally moderately injured, with more complex injuries occurring in the chest, head, and lower extremities.
- Fall from horse was identified as the most common LARI mechanism.
- Given the nature and extent of injuries reported, the researchers recommend trauma teams approach LARI in the same way they would deal with motor vehicle collisions.
Cite This Article
APA
Buchanan FR, Cardenas TC, Leede E, Riley CJ, Brown LH, Teixeira PG, Aydelotte JD, Coopwood TB, Trust MD, Ali S, Brown CVR.
(2021).
A national trauma data bank analysis of large animal-related injuries.
Injury, 52(9), 2677-2681.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2021.03.020 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: frankbuchanan@utexas.edu.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: Tatiana.Cardenas@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: emilyleede@utexas.edu.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: CjRiley@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: lhbrown@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: PgTeixeira@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: jdaydelotte@mac.com.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: TBCoopwoodJr@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: mdtrust@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: sali2@ascension.org.
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Trauma Services, 1500 Red River St, TX 78701, Austin. Electronic address: carlos.brown@austin.utexas.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Accidental Falls
- Accidents, Traffic
- Animals
- Horses
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Motorcycles
- Retrospective Studies
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest No.
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Al-Ali MA, Mousa HM, Nibelle I, Hefny AF. Camel-Related Facial Injuries: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study.. Clin Pract 2023 Aug 1;13(4):889-897.
- Franzén Lindgren E, Hammarqvist F, Ahl Hulme R. Horse-riding hazards: an observational cohort study mapping equestrian related injuries at a Scandinavian trauma centre.. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023 Mar 28;15(1):46.
- Hefny AF, Hefny MA, Al-Ali MA, Mousa HM. Camel-Related Head Injury in a High-Income Developing Country.. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2022 Oct-Dec;15(4):162-166.
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