A review of current and potential applications of macroalgae to equine veterinary science.

Overview

• This research article reviews the current and potential uses of macroalgae (seaweed) in equine veterinary science, focusing on its nutritional benefits and health-related properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effects.
• The article highlights the promise of macroalgae as a natural alternative to conventional antimicrobials and anthelmintics, addressing critical needs in equine health and welfare.

Introduction to Macroalgae in Equine Science

• Macroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, have historically been used as supplements and feed additives for horses and other animals.
• They contain a diverse array of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties.
• These compounds include antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and anthelmintics (agents that expel parasitic worms).
• Most evidence for these effects has been reported in non-equine species so far.

Significance in the Context of Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic Resistance

• There is a growing concern about resistance to conventional antimicrobial and anthelmintic drugs in veterinary and human medicine.
• The One Health strategy prioritizes finding naturally occurring alternatives to these drugs to reduce resistance pressure.
• Macroalgae represent a promising natural source for such alternatives due to their bioactive compounds.

Nutritional and Bioactive Components of Macroalgae

• Seaweeds are rich in macro and micronutrients essential for health.
• Key bioactive compounds include alginates and fucoidans:
• Alginates: polysaccharides that have mucosal protective properties, supporting gut barrier function.
• Fucoidans: sulfated polysaccharides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• These compounds contribute to the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome in horses.
• Gut health is crucial for equine welfare and overall health, influencing digestion, immunity, and nutrient absorption.

Potential Applications in Equine Veterinary Practice

• Based on literature, macroalgae compounds may have several applications, such as:
• Enhancing gastrointestinal health through protection and modulation of gut microbiota.
• Reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in horses, potentially benefiting musculoskeletal and systemic health.
• Providing anthelmintic effects to help control parasitic infections naturally.
• Nutritional supplementation improving overall equine performance and welfare.
• Further research is necessary to validate these benefits specifically in horses and to establish effective doses.

Challenges and Considerations

• Although manufacturers claim multiple health benefits from seaweed supplements, scientific validation is limited in equines.
• Quantification of bioactive component dosages needed for therapeutic or preventive effects needs rigorous study.
• Regulation and oversight are important to ensure biosafety:
• Preventing accumulation of heavy metals or toxins that could occur with seaweed-based products.
• Ensuring safety for both animals and humans in contact with or consuming these products.

Conclusion

• Macroalgae hold promising potential as multifunctional supplements and therapeutic aids in equine veterinary science.
• Addressing antimicrobial resistance and improving gut health are key drivers of research interest.
• Continued investigation and regulatory frameworks will support safe and effective use of seaweed in equine health management.