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Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology2010; 29(5); 427-438; doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.02.003

Adult equine bone marrow stromal cells produce a cartilage-like ECM mechanically superior to animal-matched adult chondrocytes.

Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the age-dependent mechanical phenotype of bone marrow stromal cell- (BMSC-) and chondrocyte-produced cartilage-like neo-tissue and to elucidate the matrix-associated mechanisms which generate this phenotype. Cells from both immature (2-4 month-old foals) and skeletally-mature (2-5 year-old adults) mixed-breed horses were isolated from animal-matched bone marrow and cartilage tissue, encapsulated in self-assembling-peptide hydrogels, and cultured with and without TGF-beta1 supplementation. BMSCs and chondrocytes from both donor ages were encapsulated with high viability. BMSCs from both ages produced neo-tissue with higher mechanical stiffness than that produced by either young or adult chondrocytes. Young, but not adult, chondrocytes proliferated in response to TGF-beta1 while BMSCs from both age groups proliferated with TGF-beta1. Young chondrocytes stimulated by TGF-beta1 accumulated ECM with 10-fold higher sulfated-glycosaminoglycan content than adult chondrocytes and 2-3-fold higher than BMSCs of either age. The opposite trend was observed for hydroxyproline content, with BMSCs accumulating 2-3-fold more than chondrocytes, independent of age. Size-exclusion chromatography of extracted proteoglycans showed that an aggrecan-like peak was the predominant sulfated proteoglycan for all cell types. Direct measurement of aggrecan core protein length and chondroitin sulfate chain length by single molecule atomic force microscopy imaging revealed that, independent of age, BMSCs produced longer core protein and longer chondroitin sulfate chains, and fewer short core protein molecules than chondrocytes, suggesting that the BMSC-produced aggrecan has a phenotype more characteristic of young tissue than chondrocyte-produced aggrecan. Aggrecan ultrastructure, ECM composition, and cellular proliferation combine to suggest a mechanism by which BMSCs produce a superior cartilage-like neo-tissue than either young or adult chondrocytes.
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Publication Date: 2010-02-12 PubMed ID: 20153827PubMed Central: PMC2894996DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.02.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study evaluates how the mechanical properties of cartilage-like neo-tissue produced by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes differ according to age. The results indicated that BMSCs from all ages produced neo-tissue with better mechanical strength compared to either young or adult chondrocytes.

Research objectives and methodology

  • The objective of this research was to understand the influence of age on the mechanical phenotype of cartilage-like neo-tissue produced by BMSCs and chondrocytes. Relatedly, the researchers sought to understand the matrix-related mechanisms that create these phenotypes.
  • Cells from young (2-4 month-old foals) and mature (2-5 year-old adults) horses were acquired from animal-matched bone marrow and cartilage tissue. They were placed in self-assembling-peptide hydrogels and cultivated with and without TGF-beta1 supplementation.

Findings

  • There was high viability of encapsulation for BMSCs and chondrocytes from both donor age groups.
  • BMSCs from both young and adult horses produced neo-tissue with better mechanical stiffness than that produced by chondrocytes of either age.
  • The reaction to TGF-beta1 differed by age. Only the young chondrocytes proliferated in response, while BMSCs from both age groups showed proliferation with TGF-beta1.
  • Young chondrocytes stimulated by TGF-beta1 accumulated extracellular matrix (ECM) with a greater sulfated-glycosaminoglycan content than adult chondrocytes and 2-3 times more than BMSCs of both ages.
  • The opposite pattern was evident for the hydroxyproline content, with BMSCs accumulating 2-3 times more than chondrocytes. This occurred regardless of age.

Aggrecan production and potential implications

  • Size-exclusion chromatography of extracted proteoglycans indicated an aggrecan-like peak was the dominant sulfated proteoglycan for all cell types.
  • Direct evaluation of aggrecan core protein length and chondroitin sulfate chain length by single molecule atomic force microscopy imaging showed that, irrespective of age, BMSCs made longer core protein and chondroitin sulfate chains, and fewer short core protein molecules than chondrocytes.
  • This suggests that the BMSC-produced aggrecan has a phenotype more characteristic of young tissue, compared to the aggrecan produced by chondrocytes. The structure of aggrecan, ECM composition, and cellular proliferation imply a mechanism by which BMSCs produce a better cartilage-like neo-tissue than chondrocytes, regardless of their age.

Cite This Article

APA
Kopesky PW, Lee HY, Vanderploeg EJ, Kisiday JD, Frisbie DD, Plaas AH, Ortiz C, Grodzinsky AJ. (2010). Adult equine bone marrow stromal cells produce a cartilage-like ECM mechanically superior to animal-matched adult chondrocytes. Matrix Biol, 29(5), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2010.02.003

Publication

Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology
ISSN: 1569-1802
NlmUniqueID: 9432592
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Pages: 427-438

Researcher Affiliations

Kopesky, P W
  • Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Lee, H-Y
    Vanderploeg, E J
      Kisiday, J D
        Frisbie, D D
          Plaas, A H K
            Ortiz, C
              Grodzinsky, A J

                MeSH Terms

                • Aggrecans / biosynthesis
                • Animals
                • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
                • Bone Marrow Cells / physiology
                • Cartilage / physiology
                • Cartilage / ultrastructure
                • Cell Survival / physiology
                • Chondrocytes / cytology
                • Chondrocytes / physiology
                • Chromatography, Gel
                • Extracellular Matrix / physiology
                • Extracellular Matrix / ultrastructure
                • Horses / physiology
                • Hydrogels / pharmacology
                • Hydroxyproline / physiology
                • Male
                • Microscopy, Atomic Force
                • Stress, Mechanical
                • Tissue Engineering / methods
                • Transforming Growth Factor beta / pharmacology

                Grant Funding

                • R01 AR033236 / NIAMS NIH HHS
                • R01 AR033236-26 / NIAMS NIH HHS
                • R37 AR033236 / NIAMS NIH HHS
                • R01 EB003805 / NIBIB NIH HHS
                • EB003805 / NIBIB NIH HHS
                • R01 EB003805-05 / NIBIB NIH HHS
                • AR33236 / NIAMS NIH HHS

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