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Pharmaceutics2023; 15(1); 186; doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010186

Advanced Strategies of Drug Delivery via Oral, Topical, and Parenteral Administration Routes: Where Do Equine Medications Stand?

Abstract: While the global market for veterinary products has been expanding rapidly, there is still a lack of specialist knowledge of equine pharmaceutics. In many cases, the basic structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and integumentary system of the horse shares similarities with those of humans. Generally, the dosage form developed for humans can be repurposed to deliver equine medications; however, due to physiological variation, the therapeutic outcomes can be unpredictable. This is an area that requires more research, as there is a clear deficiency in literature precedence on drug delivery specifically for horses. Through a careful evaluation of equine anatomy and physiology, novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs) can be developed to adequately address many of the medical ailments of the horse. In addition to this, there are key considerations when delivering oral, topical, and parenteral drugs to horses, deriving from age and species variation. More importantly, NDDSs can enhance the duration of action of active drugs in animals, significantly improving owner compliance; and ultimately, enhancing the convenience of product administration. To address the knowledge gap in equine pharmaceutical formulations, this paper begins with a summary of the anatomy and physiology of the equine gastrointestinal, integumentary, and circulatory systems. A detailed discussion of potential dosage-form related issues affecting horses, and how they can be overcome by employing NDDSs is presented.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-04 PubMed ID: 36678815PubMed Central: PMC9861747DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010186Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study focuses on advanced strategies for drug delivery in horses, emphasizing that while the veterinary products market has grown, there still remains a lack of understanding about equine pharmaceutics. Study explores how drugs can be more effectively delivered to horses via oral, topical, and parenteral means, and how the design of novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs) is essential for improved medical treatments.

Equine Anatomy and NDDSs Development

  • The paper stresses that it’s crucial to understand the distinct anatomy and physiology of horses when developing new drug delivery systems. This is primarily because the horse’s gastrointestinal tract and skin system share similarities with humans. This similarity can lead to the assumption that dosage forms designed for humans can also work for horses.
  • However, because of physiological variances between species, the therapeutic outcomes for horses using human-designed drugs can be unpredictable. As a result, designing equine-specific Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDSs) becomes an important consideration to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of medication.

Variations in Administration Methods

  • The paper discusses various methods of drug administration in horses – oral, topical, and parenteral, and highlights that the choice of method can affect the efficacy of the drug. Each mode of delivery has its unique implications and challenges due to variations in age and species of the horses.

Improving Owner Compliance with NDDSs

  • The administration of medication to horses can be a challenging task for horse owners due to the large size of the animal and the often-necessary prolonged duration of medication. The research therefore focuses on how NDDSs could greatly improve owner compliance by enhancing the duration of the drug’s action in animals, thus reducing the frequency of administration.
  • Moreover, NDDSs can improve the use of drugs in animals by enhancing the convenience of the product’s administration, thereby making the process less burdensome for the owner.

Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Equine Pharmaceutics

  • The paper identifies a significant gap in the literature and practical understanding of equine pharmaceutical formulations. The researchers argue for a more profound examination of the equine gastrointestinal, integumentary (skin-related), and circulatory systems to help enhance drug delivery strategies.
  • The research also delves into possible issues relating to dosage-form that might affect horses and ways to mitigate these challenges by using advanced delivery systems.

Cite This Article

APA
Song Y, Day CM, Afinjuomo F, Tan JE, Page SW, Garg S. (2023). Advanced Strategies of Drug Delivery via Oral, Topical, and Parenteral Administration Routes: Where Do Equine Medications Stand? Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010186

Publication

Pharmaceutics
ISSN: 1999-4923
NlmUniqueID: 101534003
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
PII: 186

Researcher Affiliations

Song, Yunmei
  • Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Day, Candace M
  • Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Afinjuomo, Franklin
  • Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Tan, Jin-Quan E
  • SA Pharmacy, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
Page, Stephen W
  • Advanced Veterinary Therapeutics, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
Garg, Sanjay
  • Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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