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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(3); doi: 10.3390/ani12030381

Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques.

Abstract: The horse, as a flight animal with a survival strategy involving rapid escape from predators, is a natural-born athlete with enormous functional plasticity of the respiratory system. Any respiratory dysfunction can cause a decline in ventilation and gas exchange. Therefore, respiratory diseases often lead to exercise intolerance and poor performance. This is one of the most frequent problems encountered by equine internists. Routine techniques used to evaluate respiratory tract diseases include clinical examination, endoscopic examination, radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging, cytological evaluation, and bacterial culture of respiratory secretions. New diagnostic challenges and the growing development of equine medicine has led to the implementation of advanced diagnostic techniques successfully used in human medicine. Among them, the use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging significantly broadened the possibilities of anatomical imaging, especially in the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases. Moreover, the implementation of spirometry, electrical impedance tomography (EIT), and impulse oscillation system (IOS) sheds new light on functional diagnostics of respiratory tract diseases, especially those affecting the lower part. Therefore, this review aimed to familiarize the clinicians with the advantages and disadvantages of the advanced diagnostic techniques of the equine respiratory tract and introduce their recent clinical applications in equine medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-04 PubMed ID: 35158704PubMed Central: PMC8833607DOI: 10.3390/ani12030381Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores new diagnostic techniques used in equine medicine for detecting respiratory diseases in horses. The methods have been previously successful in human medicine and are now being adapted to veterinary medicine for better diagnosis.

Background

  • Horses, due to their natural role as prey and inherently tremendous athletic ability, have a highly developed respiratory system. However, any dysfunction in this system can lead to decreased breathing and gas exchange, leading to poor performance and lowered exercise tolerance.
  • For equine internists, these respiratory issues are among the most commonly encountered challenges.
  • Traditionally, diagnosis involves clinical examinations, endoscopic examinations, imaging through radiography and ultrasonography, cytological evaluations, and bacterial culture studies of respiratory secretions.

New Diagnostic Techniques

  • With the advancement of equine medicine, newer diagnostic techniques are being adopted from human medicine. These techniques offer improved detection and diagnosis of diseases, especially in the upper respiratory tract.
  • Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging are being used to provide more detailed anatomical images and to diagnose upper respiratory tract diseases.
  • Additionally, spirometry, Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), and Impulse Oscillation System (IOS) are being used to diagnose and understand respiratory tract diseases, particularly those that affect the lower respiratory tract.

Aim of the Review

  • This review has been compiled to familiarize clinicians with these newer diagnostic techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and their recent clinical applications in equine meicine.
  • Understanding these methods will likely improve diagnostic accuracy, enabling veterinarians to provide optimal and timely treatment for horses suffering from respiratory diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. (2022). Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques. Animals (Basel), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030381

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 3

Researcher Affiliations

Kozłowska, Natalia
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Wierzbicka, Małgorzata
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Jasiński, Tomasz
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Domino, Małgorzata
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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