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BMC veterinary research2023; 19(1); 116; doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03675-4

An application of the density standard and scaled-pixel-counting protocol to assess the radiodensity of equine incisor teeth affected by resorption and hypercementosis: preliminary advancement in dental radiography.

Abstract: Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) syndrome is a dental disease where the radiographic signs may be quantified using radiographic texture features. This study aimed to implement the scaled-pixel-counting protocol to quantify and compare the image structure of teeth and the density standard in order to improve the identification of the radiographic signs of tooth resorption and hypercementosis using the EOTRH syndrome model. Results: A detailed examination of the oral cavity was performed in 80 horses and maxillary incisor teeth were evaluated radiographically, including an assessment of the density standard. On each of the radiographs, pixel brightness (PB) was extracted for each of the ten steps of the density standard (S1-S10). Then, each evaluated incisor tooth was assigned to one of 0-3 EOTRH grade-related groups and annotated using region of interest (ROI). For each ROI, the number of pixels (NP) from each range was calculated. The linear relation between an original X-ray beam attenuation and PB was confirmed for the density standard. The NP values increased with the number of steps of the density standard as well as with EOTRH degrees. Similar accuracy of the EOTRH grade differentiation was noted for data pairs EOTRH 0-3 and EOTRH 0-1, allowing for the differentiation of both late and early radiographic signs of EOTRH. Conclusions: The scaled-pixel-counting protocol based on the use of density standard has been successfully implemented for the differentiation of radiographic signs of EOTRH degrees.
© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-09 PubMed ID: 37559089PubMed Central: PMC10413604DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03675-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article examines the use of a scaled-pixel-counting protocol to identify and measure dental diseases in horses, specifically Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH). It aims to improve the detection of early and late signs of dental problems via dental radiography.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary goal of this study was to introduce and implement the use of a scaled-pixel-counting protocol in equine dental radiography. This technique was used to quantify and compare the structure of teeth images and the standard of radiodensity, with a focus on improving the identification of tooth resorption and hypercementosis signs via the EOTRH syndrome model.

Methodology

  • For the purpose of the study, comprehensive oral cavity examinations were conducted on 80 horses. Particularly, the maxillary incisor teeth of these horses were evaluated radiographically, including the examination of the density standard.
  • The pixel brightness (PB) of each radiograph was calculated for each of the ten steps of the density standard (S1-S10).
  • The researchers assigned each evaluated incisor tooth to one of four EOTRH grade-related groups (scored 0-3) and annotated it using a region of interest (ROI) system.
  • The number of pixels (NP) from each range for each ROI was calculated, establishing a relationship between the original X-ray beam attenuation and pixel brightness for the density standard.

Findings

  • The study found that the number of pixel values increased with the number of steps in the density standard and with degrees of EOTRH. This finding indicates that there is a direct relationship between radiodensity and the degree of EOTRH, making the differentiation of both late and early radiographic signs of EOTRH possible.
  • Similar accuracy was observed in the differentiation of EOTRH grades for data pairs EOTRH 0-3 (representing more severe cases) and EOTRH 0-1 (representing less severe cases).

Conclusions

  • The researchers concluded that the scaled-pixel-counting protocol, based on the use of the density standard, is a viable and successful method for distinguishing the radiographic signs of EOTRH degrees in equine dental radiography.

Cite This Article

APA
Górski K, Borowska M, Turek B, Pawlikowski M, Jankowski K, Bereznowski A, Polkowska I, Domino M. (2023). An application of the density standard and scaled-pixel-counting protocol to assess the radiodensity of equine incisor teeth affected by resorption and hypercementosis: preliminary advancement in dental radiography. BMC Vet Res, 19(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03675-4

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 116
PII: 116

Researcher Affiliations

Górski, Kamil
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
Borowska, Marta
  • Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
Turek, Bernard
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
Pawlikowski, Marek
  • Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland.
Jankowski, Krzysztof
  • Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland.
Bereznowski, Andrzej
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Polkowska, Izabela
  • Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
Domino, Małgorzata
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland. malgorzata_domino@sggw.edu.pl.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Hypercementosis / veterinary
  • Incisor / diagnostic imaging
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Tooth Resorption / diagnostic imaging
  • Tooth Resorption / veterinary
  • Radiography, Dental / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • Miniatura 6 No 2022/06/X/ST6/00431 / the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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