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Emerging microbes & infections2018; 7(1); 88; doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0089-y

An epizootic of Chlamydia psittaci equine reproductive loss associated with suspected spillover from native Australian parrots.

Abstract: Chlamydia psittaci is an avian pathogen capable of spill-over infections to humans. A parrot C. psittaci strain was recently detected in an equine reproductive loss case associated with a subsequent cluster of human C. psittaci infections. In this study, we screened for C. psittaci in cases of equine reproductive loss reported in regional New South Wales, Australia during the 2016 foaling season. C. psittaci specific-PCR screening of foetal and placental tissue samples from cases of equine abortion (n = 161) and foals with compromised health status (n = 38) revealed C. psittaci positivity of 21.1% and 23.7%, respectively. There was a statistically significant geographical clustering of cases ~170 km inland from the mid-coast of NSW (P < 0.001). Genomic analysis and molecular typing of C. psittaci positive samples from this study and the previous Australian equine index case revealed that the equine strains from different studs in regional NSW were clonal, while the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the C. psittaci strains from both Australian equine disease clusters belong to the parrot-associated 6BC clade, again indicative of spill-over of C. psittaci infections from native Australian parrots. The results of this work suggest that C. psittaci may be a more significant agent of equine reproductive loss than thought. A range of studies are now required to evaluate (a) the exact role that C. psittaci plays in equine reproductive loss; (b) the range of potential avian reservoirs and factors influencing infection spill-over; and
(c) the risk that these equine infections pose to human health.
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Publication Date: 2018-05-16 PubMed ID: 29765033PubMed Central: PMC5953950DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0089-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on investigating the role of Chlamydia psittaci, a pathogen commonly found in parrots, in cases of equine reproductive loss in regional New South Wales, Australia. The study indicates a potential spill-over of the pathogen from parrots to horses, making this an area of concern for equine health.

The Screening Process

  • In this research, the team screened fetal and placental tissue samples from horses that had either experienced an abortion or had foals with compromised health status.
  • The samples were collected during the 2016 foaling season in regional New South Wales, Australia.
  • They used Chlamydia psittaci-specific PCR screening on 161 equine abortions and 38 foals with compromised health.

Finding of the Screening Process

  • They found that 21.1% of the aborted fetuses and 23.7% of the compromised foals were positive for Chlamydia psittaci.
  • There was also a significant geographical clustering of cases about 170km inland from the mid-coast of NSW, implying a potential geographical or environmental influence in the prevalence of the pathogen.

Genomic Analysis

  • Researchers carried out genomic analysis and molecular typing on the positive samples from the study and a previous Australian equine index case.
  • The analysis revealed that the strains of Chlamydia psittaci present in different studs in the region were clonal – they were identical.
  • Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains of the pathogen found in both equine disease clusters belonged to the parrot-associated 6BC clade, suggesting spill-over infection from native Australian parrots.

Implication

  • The research findings imply that Chlamydia psittaci could be a more significant cause of equine reproductive loss than previously thought.
  • The suspected spill-over from parrots underlines the need for a broader scope of research to explore the exact role of Chlamydia psittaci in equine reproductive loss.
  • Further research should also aim to identify other potential avian reservoirs and the factors that influence infection spill-over.

Cite This Article

APA
Jenkins C, Jelocnik M, Micallef ML, Galea F, Taylor-Brown A, Bogema DR, Liu M, O'Rourke B, Chicken C, Carrick J, Polkinghorne A. (2018). An epizootic of Chlamydia psittaci equine reproductive loss associated with suspected spillover from native Australian parrots. Emerg Microbes Infect, 7(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0089-y

Publication

Emerging microbes & infections
ISSN: 2222-1751
NlmUniqueID: 101594885
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 88

Researcher Affiliations

Jenkins, Cheryl
  • NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Jelocnik, Martina
  • Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 91 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia.
Micallef, Melinda L
  • NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Galea, Francesca
  • NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Taylor-Brown, Alyce
  • Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 91 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia.
Bogema, Daniel R
  • NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Liu, Michael
  • The ithree Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
O'Rourke, Brendon
  • NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Chicken, Catherine
  • Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, 2337, NSW, Australia.
Carrick, Joan
  • Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, 2337, NSW, Australia.
Polkinghorne, Adam
  • Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 91 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia. apolking@usc.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Aborted Fetus / microbiology
  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Chlamydophila psittaci / classification
  • Chlamydophila psittaci / genetics
  • Chlamydophila psittaci / isolation & purification
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • Female
  • Genome, Bacterial / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Molecular Typing
  • Parrots
  • Placenta / microbiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / microbiology
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
  • Psittacosis / microbiology
  • Psittacosis / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article has been cited 27 times.
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