FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(11); doi: 10.3390/ani11113319

An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II.

Abstract: As the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) expand in the equine industry, it has become necessary to further our understanding of available semen selection techniques. This segment of our two-section review will focus on the selection of spermatozoa based on quality and sex for equine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as current and future developments in sperm sorting technologies. Ultimately, novel methods of semen selection will be assessed based on their efficacy in other species and their relevance and future application towards ARTs in the horse.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-11-20 PubMed ID: 34828049PubMed Central: PMC8614388DOI: 10.3390/ani11113319Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the advancements in semen selection techniques within the sphere of equine assisted reproductive technologies and in vitro embryo production, focusing specifically on the selection of spermatozoa based on their quality and sex for horse intracytoplasmic sperm injection. It also explores emerging technologies in sperm sorting and their potential applications in horse reproductive technologies.

Overview of the study

In this research article, the authors are addressing:

  • The growing need to understand various semen selection methods due to the increased use of in vitro embryo production (IVP) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the equine industry.
  • A review of the recent advancements in techniques used for selecting spermatozoa based on quality and sex for horse intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  • The study of current and prospective developments in sperm sorting technologies and their suitability and potential use in horse ART.

Focus on semen selection techniques

The authors delve into:

  • The importance of choosing high-quality sperm for successful ART and IVP in horses.
  • The different methods can be used to evaluate the quality of spermatozoa and select the most viable specimen for ICSI.
  • The potential for selecting sperm of a specific sex to control the gender of the resulting horse.

Future implications and developments

In the latter part of the study, the authors discuss:

  • The current and emerging sperm sorting techniques, and how they are expected to shape the future of equine ART.
  • The efficacy and relevance of these new methods in other animal species, and how these findings can influce and guide equine ART.

The research provides a comprehensive insight into where the equine ART industry currently stands, along with valuable directions for future work with a focus on improving the overall success rate of ICSI and furthering the industry’s potential.

Cite This Article

APA
Orsolini MF, Meyers SA, Dini P. (2021). An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II. Animals (Basel), 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113319

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 11

Researcher Affiliations

Orsolini, Morgan F
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Meyers, Stuart A
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Dini, Pouya
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

References

This article includes 177 references
  1. Hinrichs K. Assisted reproductive techniques in mares.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2018;53:4–13.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.13259pubmed: 30238661google scholar: lookup
  2. Choi YH, Hinrichs K. Vitrification of in vitro-produced and in vivo-recovered equine blastocysts in a clinical program.. Theriogenology 2017;87:48–54.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.005pubmed: 27634397google scholar: lookup
  3. Squires EL, McCue PM, Vanderwall D. The current status of equine embryo transfer.. Theriogenology 1999;51:91–104.
    doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00234-9pubmed: 10729065google scholar: lookup
  4. Galli C, Crotti G, Turini P, Duchi R, Mari G, Zavaglia G. Frozen-thawed embryos produced by ovum pick up and ICSI are capable to establish pregnancies in the horse.. Theriogenology 2002;58:713–715.
  5. Galli C, Duchi R, Colleoni S, Lagutina I, Lazzari G. Ovum pick up, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle, buffalo and horses: From the research laboratory to clinical practice.. Theriogenology 2014;81:138–151.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.008pubmed: 24274418google scholar: lookup
  6. Choi YH, Love CC, Love LB, Varner DD, Brinsko S, Hinrichs K. Developmental competence in vivo and in vitro of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa.. Reproduction 2002;123:455–465.
    doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1230455pubmed: 11882023google scholar: lookup
  7. Galli C, Colleoni S, Duchi R, Lagutina I, Lazzari G. Developmental competence of equine oocytes and embryos obtained by in vitro procedures ranging from in vitro maturation and ICSI to embryo culture, cryopreservation and somatic cell nuclear transfer.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2007;98:39–55.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.10.011pubmed: 17101246google scholar: lookup
  8. Herrera C, Morikawa MI, Bello MB, von Meyeren M, Eusebio Centeno J, Dufourq P, Martinez MM, Llorente J. Setting up equine embryo gender determination by preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a commercial embryo transfer program.. Theriogenology 2014;81:758–763.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.12.013pubmed: 24439164google scholar: lookup
  9. Choi YH, Gustafson-Seabury A, Velez IC, Hartman DL, Bliss S, Riera FL, Roldán JE, Chowdhary B, Hinrichs K. Viability of equine embryos after puncture of the capsule and biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.. Reproduction 2010;140:893–902.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0141pubmed: 20843896google scholar: lookup
  10. Squires EL. Breakthroughs in equine embryo cryopreservation.. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine. Pr. 2016;32:415–424.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.07.009pubmed: 27726986google scholar: lookup
  11. Hinrichs K. The equine oocyte: Factors affecting meiotic and developmental competence.. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2010;77:651–661.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.21186pubmed: 20652997google scholar: lookup
  12. Dini P, Bogado Pascottini O, Ducheyne K, Hostens M, Daels P. Holding equine oocytes in a commercial embryo-holding medium: New perspective on holding temperature and maturation time.. Theriogenology 2016;86:1361–1368.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.079pubmed: 27268297google scholar: lookup
  13. Battaglia DE, Goodwin P, Klein N A, Soules MR. Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes from naturally cycling women.. Hum. Reprod. 1996;11:2217–2222.
    doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019080pubmed: 8943533google scholar: lookup
  14. Rizzo M, Stout TAE, Cristarella S, Quartuccio M, Kops GJPL, De Ruijter-Villani M. Compromised MPS1 activity induces multipolar spindle formation in oocytes from aged mares: Establishing the horse as a natural animal model to study age-induced oocyte meiotic spindle instability.. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 2021;9:657366.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657366pmc: PMC8136435pubmed: 34026756google scholar: lookup
  15. Hassold T, Hall H, Hunt P. The origin of human aneuploidy: Where we have been, where we are going.. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2007;16:R203–R208.
    doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddm243pubmed: 17911163google scholar: lookup
  16. Ge ZJ, Schatten H, Zhang CL, Sun QY. Oocyte ageing and epigenetics.. Reproduction 2015;149:R103–R114.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-14-0242pmc: PMC4397590pubmed: 25391845google scholar: lookup
  17. King WA, Desjardins M, Xu KP, Bousquet D. Chromosome analysis of horse oocytes cultured in vitro.. Genet. Sel. Evol. 1990;22:151.
    doi: 10.1186/1297-9686-22-2-151google scholar: lookup
  18. Hinrichs K, Schmidt AL. Meiotic competence in horse oocytes: Interactions among chromatin configuration, follicle size, cumulus morphology, and season.. Biol. Reprod. 2000;62:1402–1408.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1402pubmed: 10775193google scholar: lookup
  19. Pereira B, Ortiz I, Dorado J, Diaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Demyda-Peyras S, Hidalgo M. The effect of different vitrification and staining protocols on the visibility of the nuclear maturation stage of equine oocytes.. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 2020;90:103021.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103021pubmed: 32534785google scholar: lookup
  20. Alm H, Hinrichs K. Effect of cycloheximide on nuclear maturation of horse oocytes and its relation to initial cumulus morphology.. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1996;107:215–220.
    doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.1070215pubmed: 8882287google scholar: lookup
  21. Lewis N, Hinrichs K, Leese HJ, McG Argo C, Brison DR, Sturmey R. Energy metabolism of the equine cumulus oocyte complex during in vitro maturation.. Sci. Rep. 2020;10:3493.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60624-zpmc: PMC7044441pubmed: 32103136google scholar: lookup
  22. Botigelli RC, Razza EM, Pioltine EM, Nogueira MFG. New approaches regarding the in vitro maturation of oocytes: Manipulating cyclic nucleotides and their partners in crime.. JBRA Assist. Reprod. 2017;21:35–44.
    doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170010pmc: PMC5365199pubmed: 28333031google scholar: lookup
  23. Holt WV, Van Look KJW. Concepts in sperm heterogeneity, sperm selection and sperm competition as biological foundations for laboratory tests of semen quality.. Reproduction 2004;127:527–535.
    doi: 10.1530/rep.1.00134pubmed: 15129008google scholar: lookup
  24. Leemans B, Gadella BM, Stout TAE, De Schauwer C, Nelis H, Hoogewijs M, Van Soom A. Why doesn’t conventional IVF work in horses.. Reproduction 2016;152:R233–R245.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-16-0420pubmed: 27651517google scholar: lookup
  25. Tournaye H. Male factor infertility and ART.. Asian J. Androl. 2012;14:103–108.
    doi: 10.1038/aja.2011.65pmc: PMC3735146pubmed: 22179511google scholar: lookup
  26. Hinrichs K. Update on equine ICSI and cloning.. Theriogenology 2005;64:535–541.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.010pubmed: 15985289google scholar: lookup
  27. Loomis PR, Graham JK. Commercial semen freezing: Individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2008;105:119–128.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.010pubmed: 18178040google scholar: lookup
  28. Loomis PR. The equine frozen semen industry.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2001;68:191–200.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00156-7pubmed: 11744264google scholar: lookup
  29. Kaneko T, Nakagata N. Improvement in the long-term stability of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa by adding of a chelating agent.. Cryobiology 2006;53:279–282.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.06.004pubmed: 16870171google scholar: lookup
  30. Watanabe H, Asano T, Abe Y, Fukui Y, Suzuki H. Pronuclear formation of freeze-dried canine spermatozoa microinjected into mouse oocytes.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2009;26:531–536.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-009-9358-ypmc: PMC2788692pubmed: 19856094google scholar: lookup
  31. Olaciregui M, Gil L. Freeze-dried spermatozoa: A future tool?. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2017;52:248–254.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12838pubmed: 27757990google scholar: lookup
  32. Meyers SA, Li MW, Enders AC, Overstreet JW. Rhesus macaque blastocysts resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection of vacuum-dried spermatozoa.. J. Med. Primatol. 2009;38:310–317.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00352.xpubmed: 19490363google scholar: lookup
  33. Kusakabe H, Yanagimachi R, Kamiguchi Y. Mouse and human spermatozoa can be freeze-dried without damaging their chromosomes.. Hum. Reprod. 2008;23:233–239.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem252pubmed: 18056060google scholar: lookup
  34. Choi YH, Varner DD, Love CC, Hartman DL, Hinrichs K. Production of live foals via intracytoplasmic injection of lyophilized sperm and sperm extract in the horse.. Reproduction 2011;142:529–538.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-11-0145pubmed: 21846810google scholar: lookup
  35. Sakkas D, Ramalingam M, Garrido N, Barratt CL. Sperm selection in natural conception: What can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes?. Hum. Reprod. Update 2015;21:711–726.
    doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmv042pmc: PMC4594619pubmed: 26386468google scholar: lookup
  36. Perez-Cerezales S, Ramos-Ibeas P, Acuna OS, Aviles M, Coy P, Rizos D, Gutierrez-Adan A. The oviduct: From sperm selection to the epigenetic landscape of the embryo.. Biol. Reprod. 2018;98:262–276.
    doi: 10.1093/biolre/iox173pubmed: 29228115google scholar: lookup
  37. Robinson L, Gallos ID, Conner SJ, Rajkhowa M, Miller D, Lewis S, Kirkman-Brown J, Coomarasamy A. The effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on miscarriage rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Hum. Reprod. 2012;27:2908–2917.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/des261pubmed: 22791753google scholar: lookup
  38. Ahmadi A, Ng SC. Fertilizing ability of DNA-damaged spermatozoa.. J. Exp. Zool. 1999;284:696–704.
    doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19991101)284:6<696::AID-JEZ11>3.0.CO;2-Epubmed: 10531556google scholar: lookup
  39. Henkel RR, Schill WB. Sperm Preparation for ART.. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003;1:108.
    doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-108pmc: PMC293422pubmed: 14617368google scholar: lookup
  40. Oseguera-Lopez I, Ruiz-Diaz S, Ramos-Ibeas P, Perez-Cerezales S. novel techniques of sperm selection for improving IVF and ICSI outcomes.. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 2019;7:298.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00298pmc: PMC6896825pubmed: 31850340google scholar: lookup
  41. Petrunkina AM, Waberski D, Günzel-Apel AR, Töpfer-Petersen E. Determinants of sperm quality and fertility in domestic species.. Reproduction 2007;134:3–17.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-07-0046pubmed: 17641084google scholar: lookup
  42. Foote RH. Fertility estimation: A review of past experience and future prospects.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2003;75:119–139.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00233-6pubmed: 12535588google scholar: lookup
  43. Love CC. Relationship between sperm motility, morphology and the fertility of stallions.. Theriogenology 2011;76:547–557.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.03.007pubmed: 21497893google scholar: lookup
  44. Katigbak RD, Turchini GM, de Graaf SP, Kong L, Dumee LF. Review on sperm sorting technologies and sperm properties toward new separation methods via the interface of biochemistry and material science.. Adv. Biosyst. 2019;3:e1900079.
    doi: 10.1002/adbi.201900079pubmed: 32648656google scholar: lookup
  45. Brahmkshtri BP, Edwin MJ, John MC, Nainar AM, Krishnan AR. Relative efficacy of conventional sperm parameters and sperm penetration bioassay to assess bull fertility in vitro.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1999;54:159–168.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(98)00108-0pubmed: 10066103google scholar: lookup
  46. Said TM, Land JA. Effects of advanced selection methods on sperm quality and ART outcome: A systematic review.. Hum. Reprod. Update 2011;17:719–733.
    doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr032pubmed: 21873262google scholar: lookup
  47. Lannou DL, Blanchard Y. Nuclear maturity and morphology of human spermatozoa selected by Percoll density gradient centrifugation or swim-up procedure.. J. Reprod. Fert. 1988;84:551–556.
    doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0840551pubmed: 3199373google scholar: lookup
  48. Paasch U, Grunewald S, Glander HJ. Sperm selection in assisted reproductive techniques.. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 2007;65:515–525.
    pubmed: 17644989
  49. Oumaima A, Tesnim A, Zohra H, Amira S, Ines Z, Sana C, Intissar G, Lobna E, Ali J, Meriem M. Investigation on the origin of sperm morphological defects: Oxidative attacks, chromatin immaturity, and DNA fragmentation.. Env. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2018;25:13775–13786.
    doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1417-4pubmed: 29508198google scholar: lookup
  50. Sun JG, Jurisicova A, Casper RF. Detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in human sperm: Correlation with fertilization in vitro.. Biol. Reprod. 1997;56:602–607.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod56.3.602pubmed: 9047003google scholar: lookup
  51. Jones HW Jr, Oehninger S, Bocca S, Stadtmauer L, Mayer J. Reproductive efficiency of human oocytes fertilized in vitro.. Facts Views Vis. Obgyn. 2010;2:169–171.
    pmc: PMC4090586pubmed: 25013707
  52. Wang Q, Sun QY. Evaluation of oocyte quality: Morphological, cellular and molecular predictors.. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2007;19:1–12.
    doi: 10.1071/RD06103pubmed: 17389130google scholar: lookup
  53. Ruvolo G, Fattouh RR, Bosco L, Brucculeri AM, Cittadini E. New molecular markers for the evaluation of gamete quality.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2013;30:207–212.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-013-9943-ypmc: PMC3585674pubmed: 23371558google scholar: lookup
  54. Trounson A, Anderiesz C, Jones G. Maturation of human oocytes in vitro and their developmental competence.. Reproduction 2001;121:51–75.
    doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1210051pubmed: 11226029google scholar: lookup
  55. Yildiz C, Ottaviani P, Law N, Ayearst R, Liu L, McKerlie C. Effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality, nuclear DNA integrity, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro embryo development in the mouse.. Reproduction 2007;133:585–595.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-06-0256pubmed: 17379653google scholar: lookup
  56. Chung JT, Keefer CL, Downey BR. Activation of bovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Theriogenology 2000;53:1273–1284.
    doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00271-5pubmed: 10832752google scholar: lookup
  57. Arias ME, Sánchez R, Felmer R. Effect of anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, on the in vitro developmental potential, ploidy and embryo quality of bovine ICSI embryos.. Zygote 2016;24:724–732.
    doi: 10.1017/S0967199416000034pubmed: 27140503google scholar: lookup
  58. Hara H, Abdalla H, Morita H, Kuwayama M, Hirabayashi M, Hochi S. Procedure for bovine ICSI, not sperm freeze-drying, impairs the function of the microtubule-organizing center.. J. Reprod. Dev. 2011;57:428–432.
    doi: 10.1262/jrd.10-167Npubmed: 21325738google scholar: lookup
  59. Malcuit C, Maserati M, Takahashi Y, Page R, Fissore RA. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the bovine induces abnormal [Ca2+]i responses and oocyte activation.. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2005;18:39–51.
    doi: 10.1071/RD05131pubmed: 16478601google scholar: lookup
  60. Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production.. Theriogenology 2014;81:24–37.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022pubmed: 24274407google scholar: lookup
  61. Wang WH, Abeydeera LR, Prather RS, Day BN. Morphologic comparison of ovulated and in vitro–matured porcine oocytes, with particular reference to polyspermy after in vitro fertilization.. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1998;49:308–316.
    doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199803)49:3<308::AID-MRD11>3.0.CO;2-Spubmed: 9491383google scholar: lookup
  62. Palmer E, Bézard J, Magistrini M, Duchamp G. In vitro fertilization in the horse. A retrospective study.. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 1991;44:375–384.
    pubmed: 1795281
  63. Foss R, Ortis H, Hinrichs K. Effect of potential oocyte transport protocols on blastocyst rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the horse.. Equine. Vet. J. Suppl. 2013;45:39–43.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12159pubmed: 24304402google scholar: lookup
  64. Boulet SL, Mehta A, Kissin DM, Warner L, Kawwass JF, Jamieson DJ. Trends in use of and reproductive outcomes associated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.. JAMA 2015;313:255–263.
    doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17985pmc: PMC4343214pubmed: 25602996google scholar: lookup
  65. Donnelly ET, Lewis SE, McNally JA, Thompson W. In vitro fertilization and pregnancy rates: The influence of sperm motility and morphology on IVF outcome.. Fertil. Steril. 1998;70:305–314.
    doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0pubmed: 9696226google scholar: lookup
  66. Kruger TF, Acosta AA, Simmons KF, Swanson RJ, Matta JF, Oehninger S. Predictive value of abnormal sperm morphology in in vitro fertilization.. Fertil. Steril. 1988;49:112–117.
    doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59660-5pubmed: 3335257google scholar: lookup
  67. Zheng J, Lu Y, Qu X, Wang P, Zhao L, Gao M, Shi H, Jin X. Decreased sperm motility retarded ICSI fertilization rate in severe oligozoospermia but good-quality embryo transfer had achieved the prospective clinical outcomes.. PLoS ONE 2016;11:e0163524.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163524pmc: PMC5035010pubmed: 27661081google scholar: lookup
  68. Verheyen G, Tournaye H, Staessen C, De Vos A, Vandervorst M, Van Steirteghem A. Controlled comparison of conventional in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with asthenozoospermia.. Hum. Reprod. 1999;14:2313–2319.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.9.2313pubmed: 10469701google scholar: lookup
  69. Oliveira LZ, Hossepian de Lima VF, Levenhagen MA, Santos RM, Assumpção TI, Jacomini JO, Andrade AF, Arruda RP, Beletti ME. Transmission electron microscopy for characterization of acrosomal damage after Percoll gradient centrifugation of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa.. J. Vet. Sci. 2011;12:267–272.
    doi: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.3.267pmc: PMC3165156pubmed: 21897100google scholar: lookup
  70. Arias ME, Andara K, Briones E, Felmer R. Bovine sperm separation by Swim-up and density gradients (Percoll and BoviPure): Effect on sperm quality, function and gene expression.. Reprod. Biol. 2017;17:126–132.
    doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.03.002pubmed: 28363502google scholar: lookup
  71. Marzano G, Chiriacò MS, Primiceri E, Dell’Aquila ME, Ramalho-Santos J, Zara V, Ferramosca A, Maruccio G. Sperm selection in assisted reproduction: A review of established methods and cutting-edge possibilities.. Biotechnol. Adv. 2020;40:107498.
    doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107498pubmed: 31836499google scholar: lookup
  72. Bolton VN, Braude PR. Preparation of human spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization by isopycnic centrifugation on self-generating density gradients.. Arch. Androl. 1984;13:167–176.
    doi: 10.3109/01485018408987515pubmed: 6537744google scholar: lookup
  73. Pousette A, Akerlöf E, Rosenborg L, Fredricsson B. Increase in progressive motility and improved morphology of human spermatozoa following their migration through Percoll gradients.. Int. J. 1986;9:1–13.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1986.tb00862.xpubmed: 3017866google scholar: lookup
  74. De Martin H, Miranda EP, Cocuzza MS, Monteleone PAA. Density gradient centrifugation and swim-up for ICSI: Useful, unsafe, or just unsuitable?. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2019;36:2421–2423.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01602-xpmc: PMC6911114pubmed: 31664659google scholar: lookup
  75. Muratori M, Tarozzi N, Carpentiero F, Danti S, Perrone FM, Cambi M, Casini A, Azzari C, Boni L, Maggi M. Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: Effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa.. Sci. Rep. 2019;9:7492.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43981-2pmc: PMC6522556pubmed: 31097741google scholar: lookup
  76. De Vos A, Nagy ZP, Van de Velde H, Joris H, Bocken G, Van Steirteghem A. Percoll gradient centrifugation can be omitted in sperm preparation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.. Hum. Reprod. 1997;12:1980–1984.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.9.1980pubmed: 9363717google scholar: lookup
  77. Arcidiacono A, Walt H, Campana A, Balerna M. The use of Percoll gradients for the preparation of subpopulations of human spermatozoa.. Int. J. 1983;6:433–445.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1983.tb00558.xpubmed: 6654517google scholar: lookup
  78. Strehler E, Baccetti B, Sterzik K, Capitani S, Collodel G, De Santo M, Gambera L, Piomboni P. Detrimental effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the ultrastructure of spermatozoa (Notulae seminologicae 13). Hum. Reprod. 1998;13:120–123.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/13.1.120pubmed: 9512241google scholar: lookup
  79. Fishel S, Jackson P, Webster J, Faratian B. Endotoxins in culture medium for human in vitro fertilization.. Fertil. Steril. 1988;49:108–111.
    doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59659-9pubmed: 3335256google scholar: lookup
  80. Söderlund B, Lundin K. The use of silane-coated silica particles for density gradient centrifugation in in-vitro fertilization.. Hum. Reprod. 2000;15:857–860.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/15.4.857pubmed: 10739832google scholar: lookup
  81. Macpherson M, Blanchard T, Love C, Brinsko S, Varner D. Use of a silane-coated silica particle solution to enhance the quality of ejaculated semen in stallions.. Theriogenology 2002;58:317–320.
  82. Varner D, Love C, Brinsko S, Blanchard T, Hartman D, Bliss S, Carroll B, Eslick M. Semen Processing for the Subfertile Stallion.. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2008;28:677–685.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.10.012google scholar: lookup
  83. Edmond AJ, Teague S, Brinsko S, Comerford K, Waite JA, Mancill S, Love C, Varner D. Effect of density gradient centrifugation on quality and recovery of equine spermatozoa.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2008;107:318.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.095google scholar: lookup
  84. Stoll A, Stewart B, Brum A, Liu I, Ball B. Evaluation of cryopreserved-thawed stallion sperm before and after density gradient centrifugation with silane-coated silica particles (EquiPure®). Theriogenology 2008;70:590–591.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.010google scholar: lookup
  85. Jayaraman V, Upadhya D, Narayan PK, Adiga SK. Sperm processing by swim-up and density gradient is effective in elimination of sperm with DNA damage.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2012;29:557–563.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-012-9742-xpmc: PMC3370043pubmed: 22411295google scholar: lookup
  86. Amiri I, Ghorbani M, Heshmati S. Comparison of the DNA Fragmentation and the Sperm Parameters after Processing by the Density Gradient and the Swim up Methods.. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2012;6:1451–1453.
    doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2012/4198.2530pmc: PMC3527767pubmed: 23285427google scholar: lookup
  87. Zheng WW, Song G, Wang QL, Liu SW, Zhu XL, Deng SM, Zhong A, Tan YM, Tan Y. Sperm DNA damage has a negative effect on early embryonic development following in vitro fertilization.. Asian J. Androl. 2018;20:75–79.
    doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_19_17pmc: PMC5753558pubmed: 28675153google scholar: lookup
  88. Simon L, Lutton D, McManus J, Lewis SE. Sperm DNA damage measured by the alkaline Comet assay as an independent predictor of male infertility and in vitro fertilization success.. Fertil. Steril. 2011;95:652–657.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.08.019pubmed: 20864101google scholar: lookup
  89. Oguz Y, Guler I, Erdem A, Mutlu MF, Gumuslu S, Oktem M, Bozkurt N, Erdem M. The effect of swim-up and gradient sperm preparation techniques on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in subfertile patients.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2018;35:1083–1089.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-018-1163-zpmc: PMC6029997pubmed: 29572695google scholar: lookup
  90. Domínguez LA, Burgos MH, Fornés MW. Morphometrical comparison of human spermatozoa obtained from semen and swim-up methodology.. Andrologia 1999;31:23–26.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02838.xpubmed: 9949885google scholar: lookup
  91. Sieme H, Martinsson G, Rauterberg H, Walter K, Aurich C, Petzoldt R, Klug E. Application of techniques for sperm selection in fresh and frozen-thawed stallion semen.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2003;38:134–140.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2003.00416.xpubmed: 12654024google scholar: lookup
  92. Yamanaka M, Tomita K, Hashimoto S, Matsumoto H, Satoh M, Kato H, Hosoi Y, Inoue M, Nakaoka Y, Morimoto Y. Combination of density gradient centrifugation and swim-up methods effectively decreases morphologically abnormal sperms.. J. Reprod. Dev. 2016;62:599–606.
    doi: 10.1262/jrd.2016-112pmc: PMC5177978pubmed: 27616283google scholar: lookup
  93. Ng FL, Liu DY, Baker HW. Comparison of Percoll, mini-Percoll and swim-up methods for sperm preparation from abnormal semen samples.. Hum. Reprod. 1992;7:261–266.
    doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137628pubmed: 1315792google scholar: lookup
  94. Galuppo AG, Junior NB, Arruda NS, Corbellini AO, Chiappetta CM, Pavão DL, D’Angelo M, Canal CW, Rodrigues JL. Evaluation of the effectiveness of semen processing techniques to remove bovine viral diarrhea virus from experimentally contaminated semen samples.. J. Virol. Meth. 2013;187:443–448.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.029pubmed: 23219984google scholar: lookup
  95. Morrell JM, Geraghty RM. Effective removal of equine arteritis virus from stallion semen.. Equine. Vet. J. 2006;38:224–229.
    doi: 10.2746/042516406776866444pubmed: 16706276google scholar: lookup
  96. Nani JM, Jeyendran RS. Sperm processing: Glass wool column filtration.. Arch. Androl. 2001;47:15–21.
    doi: 10.1080/01485010152103964pubmed: 11442331google scholar: lookup
  97. Van den Bergh M, Revelard P, Bertrand E, Biramane J, Vanin AS, Englert Y. Glass wool column filtration, an advantageous way of preparing semen samples for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: An auto-controlled randomized study.. Hum. Reprod. 1997;12:509–513.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.3.509pubmed: 9130752google scholar: lookup
  98. Henkel RR, Franken DR, Lombard CJ, Schill WB. Selective capacity of glass-wool filtration for the separation of human spermatozoa with condensed chromatin: A possible therapeutic modality for male-factor cases?. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 1994;11:395–400.
    doi: 10.1007/BF02211725pubmed: 7606151google scholar: lookup
  99. Coetzee K, Erasmus EL, Kruger TF, Menkveld R, Lombard CJ. Glass wool filter preparation of cryopreserved spermatozoa.. Andrologia 1994;26:33–34.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00750.xpubmed: 8185058google scholar: lookup
  100. Lee HL, Kim SH, Ji DB, Kim YJ. A comparative study of Sephadex, glass wool and Percoll separation techniques on sperm quality and IVF results for cryopreserved bovine semen.. J. Vet. Sci. 2009;10:249–255.
    doi: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.3.249pmc: PMC2801134pubmed: 19687626google scholar: lookup
  101. Nie GJ, Johnson KE, Wenzel JG. Pregnancy outcome in mares following insemination deep in the uterine horn with low numbers of sperm selected by glass wool/Sephadex filtration, Percoll separation or absolute number.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2003;79:103–109.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00086-1pubmed: 12853183google scholar: lookup
  102. Sherman JK, Paulson JD, Liu KC. Effect of glass wool filtration on ultrastructure of human spermatozoa.. Fertil. Steril. 1981;36:643–647.
    doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45865-6pubmed: 7308506google scholar: lookup
  103. Rhemrev J, Jeyendran RS, Vermeiden JPW, Zaneveld LJD. Human sperm selection by glass wool filtration and two-layer, discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation*†.. Fertil. Steril. 1989;51:685–690.
    doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60622-2pubmed: 2924937google scholar: lookup
  104. Martínez-Pastor F, Mata-Campuzano M, Alvarez-Rodríguez M, Alvarez M, Anel L, de Paz P. Probes and techniques for sperm evaluation by flow cytometry.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2010;45((Suppl. S2)):67–78.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01622.xpubmed: 20591067google scholar: lookup
  105. Hoogendijk CF, Kruger TF, Bouic PJ, Henkel RR. A novel approach for the selection of human sperm using annexin V-binding and flow cytometry.. Fertil. Steril. 2009;91:1285–1292.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.042pubmed: 18371961google scholar: lookup
  106. Chaveiro A, Santos P, da Silva FM. Assessment of sperm apoptosis in cryopreserved bull semen after swim-up treatment: A flow cytometric study.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2007;42:17–21.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00712.xpubmed: 17214767google scholar: lookup
  107. Funaro MG, Kim HH, Mazel S, Bolyakov A, Goldstein M, Schlegel PN, Paduch DA. A novel sorting technology allows for highly efficient selection of sperm without chromatin damage.. Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. 2013;59:172–177.
    doi: 10.3109/19396368.2013.777135pubmed: 23560816google scholar: lookup
  108. Sousa AP, Amaral A, Baptista M, Tavares R, Caballero Campo P, Caballero Peregrín P, Freitas A, Paiva A, Almeida-Santos T, Ramalho-Santos J. Not all sperm are equal: Functional mitochondria characterize a subpopulation of human sperm with better fertilization potential.. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e18112.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018112pmc: PMC3063179pubmed: 21448461google scholar: lookup
  109. Johnson LA. Sexing mammalian sperm for production of offspring: The state-of-the-art.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2000;60-61:93–107.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00088-9pubmed: 10844187google scholar: lookup
  110. Vermes I, Haanen C, Steffens-Nakken H, Reutellingsperger C. A novel assay for apoptosis Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V.. J. Immunol. Methods. 1995;184:39–51.
    doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00072-Ipubmed: 7622868google scholar: lookup
  111. Baumber J, Meyers SA. Changes in membrane lipid order with capacitation in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa.. J. Androl. 2006;27:578–587.
    doi: 10.2164/jandrol.05135pubmed: 16582419google scholar: lookup
  112. De Geyter C, Gobrecht-Keller U, Ahler A, Fischer M. Removal of DNA-fragmented spermatozoa using flow cytometry and sorting does not improve the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2019;36:2079–2086.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01571-1pmc: PMC6823333pubmed: 31463874google scholar: lookup
  113. Garner DL, Evans KM, Seidel GE. Sex-sorting sperm using flow cytometry/cell sorting.. Methods Mol. Biol. 2013;927:279–295.
    doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-038-0_26pubmed: 22992923google scholar: lookup
  114. Buchanan BR, Seidel GE, McCue PM, Schenk JL, Herickhoff LA, Squires EL. Insemination of mares with low numbers of either unsexed or sexed spermatozoa.. Theriogenology 2000;53:1333–1344.
    doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00276-4pubmed: 10832757google scholar: lookup
  115. Rath D, Barcikowski S, de Graaf S, Garrels W, Grossfeld R, Klein S, Knabe W, Knorr C, Kues W, Meyer H. Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: Status report and developmental prospects.. Reproduction 2013;145:R15–R30.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-12-0151pubmed: 23148085google scholar: lookup
  116. Aurich C, Schneider J. Sex determination in horses—Current status and future perspectives.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2014;146:34–41.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.01.014pubmed: 24598214google scholar: lookup
  117. Samper JC, Morris L, Plough TA. The use of sex-sorted stallion semen in embryo transfer programs.. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 2012;32:387–389.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.05.056google scholar: lookup
  118. Balao da Silva CM, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Morrell JM, Rodriguez Martínez H, Peña FJ. Flow cytometric chromosomal sex sorting of stallion spermatozoa induces oxidative stress on mitochondria and genomic DNA.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2016;51:18–25.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12640pubmed: 26592367google scholar: lookup
  119. Garner DL. Flow cytometric sexing of mammalian sperm.. Theriogenology 2006;65:943–957.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.009pubmed: 16242764google scholar: lookup
  120. Carvalho JO, Sartori R, Machado GM, Mourão GB, Dode MAN. Quality assessment of bovine cryopreserved sperm after sexing by flow cytometry and their use in in vitro embryo production.. Theriogenology 2010;74:1521–1530.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.030pubmed: 20728930google scholar: lookup
  121. Rath D, Johnson L. Application and commercialization of flow cytometrically sex-sorted semen.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2008;43:338–346.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01182.xpubmed: 18638144google scholar: lookup
  122. Zaferani M, Cheong SH, Abbaspourrad A. Rheotaxis-based separation of sperm with progressive motility using a microfluidic corral system.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2018;115:8272–8277.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1800819115pmc: PMC6099906pubmed: 30061393google scholar: lookup
  123. Ko YJ, Maeng JH, Hwang SY, Ahn Y. Design, fabrication, and testing of a microfluidic device for thermotaxis and chemotaxis assays of sperm.. SLAS Technol. 2018;23:507–515.
    doi: 10.1177/2472630318783948pubmed: 29949396google scholar: lookup
  124. Nagata MPB, Endo K, Ogata K, Yamanaka K, Egashira J, Katafuchi N, Yamanouchi T, Matsuda H, Goto Y, Sakatani M. Live births from artificial insemination of microfluidic-sorted bovine spermatozoa characterized by trajectories correlated with fertility.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2018;115:e3087–e3096.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717974115pmc: PMC5889641pubmed: 29555773google scholar: lookup
  125. Cho BS, Schuster TG, Zhu X, Chang D, Smith GD, Takayama S. Passively driven integrated microfluidic system for separation of motile sperm.. Anal. Chem. 2003;75:1671–1675.
    doi: 10.1021/ac020579epubmed: 12705601google scholar: lookup
  126. Parrella A, Keating D, Cheung S, Xie P, Stewart JD, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD. A treatment approach for couples with disrupted sperm DNA integrity and recurrent ART failure.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2019;36:2057–2066.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01543-5pmc: PMC6823295pubmed: 31418108google scholar: lookup
  127. Asghar W, Velasco V, Kingsley JL, Shoukat MS, Shafiee H, Anchan RM, Mutter GL, Tüzel E, Demirci U. Selection of functional human sperm with higher DNA integrity and fewer reactive oxygen species.. Adv. Health Mater. 2014;3:1671–1679.
    doi: 10.1002/adhm.201400058pmc: PMC4194169pubmed: 24753434google scholar: lookup
  128. Gonzalez-Castro RA, Carnevale EM. Use of microfluidics to sort stallion sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2019;202:1–9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.012pubmed: 30655027google scholar: lookup
  129. Matsuura K, Uozumi T, Furuichi T, Sugimoto I, Kodama M, Funahashi H. A microfluidic device to reduce treatment time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.. Fertil. Steril. 2013;99:400–407.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.022pubmed: 23122951google scholar: lookup
  130. Sano H, Matsuura K, Naruse K, Funahashi H. Application of a microfluidic sperm sorter to the in-vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes reduced the incidence of polyspermic penetration.. Theriogenology 2010;74:863–870.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.011pubmed: 20537694google scholar: lookup
  131. Li J, Zhu S, He X, Sun R, He Q, Gan Y, Liu S, Funahashi H, Li Y. Application of a microfluidic sperm sorter to in vitro production of dairy cattle sex-sorted embryos.. Theriogenology 2016;85:1211–1218.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.001pubmed: 26768540google scholar: lookup
  132. Nosrati R, Vollmer M, Eamer L, San Gabriel MC, Zeidan K, Zini A, Sinton D. Rapid selection of sperm with high DNA integrity.. Lab. Chip. 2014;14:1142–1150.
    doi: 10.1039/c3lc51254apubmed: 24464038google scholar: lookup
  133. El-sherry TM, Abdel-Ghani MA, Abou-Khalil NS, Elsayed M, Abdelgawad M. Effect of pH on rheotaxis of bull sperm using microfluidics.. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2017;52:781–790.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12979pubmed: 28512759google scholar: lookup
  134. Eamer L, Nosrati R, Vollmer M, Zini A, Sinton D. Microfluidic assessment of swimming media for motility-based sperm selection.. Biomicrofluidics 2015;9:044113.
    doi: 10.1063/1.4928129pmc: PMC4529441pubmed: 26339314google scholar: lookup
  135. Hamacher T, Berendsen JTW, Kruit SA, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Segerink LI. Effect of microfluidic processing on the viability of boar and bull spermatozoa.. Biomicrofluidics 2020;14:044111.
    doi: 10.1063/5.0013919pmc: PMC7402706pubmed: 32774586google scholar: lookup
  136. Said TM, Agarwal A, Zborowski M, Grunewald S, Glander HJ, Paasch U. Utility of magnetic cell separation as a molecular sperm preparation technique.. J. Androl. 2008;29:134–142.
    doi: 10.2164/jandrol.107.003632pmc: PMC2801545pubmed: 18077822google scholar: lookup
  137. Grunewald S, Paasch U, Glander HJ. Enrichment of non-apoptotic human spermatozoa after cryopreservation by immunogenetic cell sorting.. Cell Tissue Bank. 2001;2:127–133.
    doi: 10.1023/A:1020188913551pubmed: 15256910google scholar: lookup
  138. Falchi L, Khalil WA, Hassan M, Marei WFA. Perspectives of nanotechnology in male fertility and sperm function.. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med. 2018;6:265–269.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.09.001pmc: PMC6286411pubmed: 30564607google scholar: lookup
  139. Durfey CL, Swistek SE, Liao SF, Crenshaw MA, Clemente HJ, Thirumalai R, Steadman CS, Ryan PL, Willard ST, Feugang JM. Nanotechnology-based approach for safer enrichment of semen with best spermatozoa.. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 2019;10:14.
    doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0307-4pmc: PMC6368687pubmed: 30774950google scholar: lookup
  140. Huang SH, Juang RS. Biochemical and biomedical applications of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles: A review.. J. Nanoparticle Res. 2011;13:4411.
    doi: 10.1007/s11051-011-0551-4google scholar: lookup
  141. Yousef MS, Lopez-Lorente AI, Diaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Dorado J, Pereira B, Ortiz I, Cardenas S, Hidalgo M. Nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged donkey sperm by using lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA)-magnetic nanoparticles.. Theriogenology 2020;151:103–111.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.011pubmed: 32325322google scholar: lookup
  142. Faezah SS, Zuraina FM, Farah JH, Khairul O, Hilwani NI, Iswadi MI, Fang CN, Zawawi I, Abas OM, Fatimah SI. The effects of magnetic separation on cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa motility, viability and cryo-capacitation status.. Zygote 2014;22:378–386.
    doi: 10.1017/S0967199412000597pubmed: 23237064google scholar: lookup
  143. Grunewald S, Paasch U, Said TM, Rasch M, Agarwal A, Glander HJ. Magnetic-activated cell sorting before cryopreservation preserves mitochondrial integrity in human spermatozoa.. Cell Tissue Bank. 2006;7:99–104.
    doi: 10.1007/s10561-005-1367-1pubmed: 16732412google scholar: lookup
  144. Paasch U, Grunewald S, Fitzl G, Glander HJ. Deterioration of plasma membrane is associated with activated caspases in human spermatozoa.. J. Androl. 2003;24:246–252.
    doi: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02669.xpubmed: 12634312google scholar: lookup
  145. Said TM, Grunewald S, Paasch U, Glander HJ, Baumann T, Kriegel C, Li L, Agarwal A. Advantage of combining magnetic cell separation with sperm preparation techniques.. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2005;10:740–746.
    doi: 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61118-2pubmed: 15970004google scholar: lookup
  146. Feugang JM, Liao SF, Crenshaw MA, Clemente H, Willard ST, Ryan PL. Lectin-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for reproductive improvement.. JFIV Reprod. Med. Genet. 2015;3:17–19.
  147. Domínguez E, Moreno-Irusta A, Castex HR, Bragulat AF, Ugaz C, Clemente H, Giojalas L, Losinno L. Sperm sexing mediated by magnetic nanoparticles in donkeys, a preliminary in vitro study.. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 2018;65:123–127.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.04.005google scholar: lookup
  148. Giuliani V, Pandolfi C, Santucci R, Pelliccione F, Macerola B, Focarelli R, Rosati F, Della Giovampaola C, Francavilla F, Francavilla S. Expression of gp20, a human sperm antigen of epididymal origin, is reduced in spermatozoa from subfertile men.. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2004;69:235–240.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.20166pubmed: 15293226google scholar: lookup
  149. Ionov M, Gontarek W, Bryszewska M. Zeta potential technique for analyzing semen quality.. MethodsX 2020;7:100895.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100895pmc: PMC7182756pubmed: 32346529google scholar: lookup
  150. Ainsworth C, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Development of a novel electrophoretic system for the isolation of human spermatozoa.. Hum. Reprod. 2005;20:2261–2270.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei024pubmed: 15831507google scholar: lookup
  151. Calzada L, Salazar EL, Pedron N. Presence and chemical composition of glycoproteic layer on human spermatozoa.. Arch. Androl. 1994;33:87–92.
    doi: 10.3109/01485019408987808pubmed: 7818376google scholar: lookup
  152. Ishijima SA, Okuno M, Mohri H. Zeta potential of human X- and Y-bearing sperm.. Int. J. Androl. 1991;14:340–347.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1991.tb01102.xpubmed: 1794918google scholar: lookup
  153. Chan PJ, Jacobson JD, Corselli JU, Patton WC. A simple zeta method for sperm selection based on membrane charge.. Fertil. Steril. 2006;85:481–486.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1302pubmed: 16595231google scholar: lookup
  154. Kheirollahi-Kouhestani M, Razavi S, Tavalaee M, Deemeh MR, Mardani M, Moshtaghian J, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Selection of sperm based on combined density gradient and Zeta method may improve ICSI outcome.. Hum. Reprod. 2009;24:2409–2416.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep088pubmed: 19553239google scholar: lookup
  155. Razavi SH, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Deemeh MR, Shayesteh M, Tavalaee M. Evaluation of zeta and HA-binding methods for selection of spermatozoa with normal morphology, protamine content and DNA integrity.. Andrologia 2010;42:13–19.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00948.xpubmed: 20078511google scholar: lookup
  156. Zarei-Kheirabadi M, Shayegan Nia E, Tavalaee M, Deemeh MR, Arabi M, Forouzanfar M, Javadi GR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Evaluation of ubiquitin and annexin V in sperm population selected based on density gradient centrifugation and zeta potential (DGC-Zeta). J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2012;29:365–371.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-011-9689-3pmc: PMC3309980pubmed: 22183502google scholar: lookup
  157. Nasr Esfahani MH, Deemeh MR, Tavalaee M, Sekhavati MH, Gourabi H. Zeta Sperm selection improves pregnancy rate and alters sex ratio in male factor infertility patients: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial.. Int. J. Fertil. Steril. 2016;10:253–260.
    doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4917pmc: PMC4948079pubmed: 27441060google scholar: lookup
  158. Lansford N, Freeman DW, Topliff DR, Walker OL. Hedonic pricing of race-bred yearling quarter horses produced by quarter horse sires and dams.. J. Agribus. 1998;16:90443.
  159. Panarace M, Pellegrini RO, Basualdo MO, Belé M, Ursino DA, Cisterna R, Desimone G, Rodríguez E, Medina MJ. First field results on the use of stallion sex-sorted semen in a large-scale embryo transfer program.. Theriogenology 2014;81:520–525.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.021pubmed: 24360404google scholar: lookup
  160. Chezum B, Wimmer B. Roses or lemons: Adverse selection in the market for thoroughbred yearlings.. Rev. Econ. Stat. 1997;79:521–526.
    doi: 10.1162/rest.1997.79.3.521google scholar: lookup
  161. Hendriksen PJ, Welch GR, Grootegoed JA, Van der Lende T, Johnson LA. Comparison of detergent-solubilized membrane and soluble proteins from flow cytometrically sorted X- and Y-chromosome bearing porcine spermatozoa by high resolution 2-D electrophoresis.. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1996;45:342–350.
    doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199611)45:3<342::AID-MRD11>3.0.CO;2-0pubmed: 8916045google scholar: lookup
  162. Baumber J, Ball BA, Gravance CG, Medina V, Davies-Morel MCG. The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation.. J. Androl. 2000;21:895–902.
    doi: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03420.xpubmed: 11105916google scholar: lookup
  163. Lindsey AC, Schenk JL, Graham JK, Bruemmer JE, Squires EL. Hysteroscopic insemination of low numbers of flow sorted fresh and frozen/thawed stallion spermatozoa.. Equine. Vet. J. 2002;34:121–127.
    doi: 10.2746/042516402776767321pubmed: 11902755google scholar: lookup
  164. Clulow JR, Buss H, Sieme H, Rodger JA, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Evans G, Rath D, Morris LH, Maxwell WM. Field fertility of sex-sorted and non-sorted frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa.. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2008;108:287–297.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.08.015pubmed: 17977675google scholar: lookup
  165. Spinaci M, Volpe S, Bernardini C, de Ambrogi M, Tamanini C, Seren E, Galeati G. Sperm sorting procedure induces a redistribution of Hsp70 but not Hsp60 and Hsp90 in boar spermatozoa.. J. Androl. 2006;27:899–907.
    doi: 10.2164/jandrol.106.001008pubmed: 16870948google scholar: lookup
  166. Suh TK, Schenk JL, Seidel GE Jr. High pressure flow cytometric sorting damages sperm.. Theriogenology 2005;64:1035–1048.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.02.002pubmed: 16125550google scholar: lookup
  167. Gibb Z, Morris LH, Maxwell WM, Grupen CG. Use of a defined diluent increases the sex-sorting efficiency of stallion sperm.. Theriogenology 2011;75:610–619.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.001pubmed: 21144575google scholar: lookup
  168. Ainsworth CJ, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. The electrophoretic separation of spermatozoa: An analysis of genotype, surface carbohydrate composition and potential for capacitation.. Int. J. Androl. 2011;34:e422–e434.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01164.xpubmed: 21564134google scholar: lookup
  169. Engelmann U, Krassnigg F, Schatz H, Schill WB. Separation of human X and Y spermatozoa by free-flow electrophoresis.. Gamete. Res. 1988;19:151–160.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.1120190205pubmed: 3209178google scholar: lookup
  170. Kaneko S, Oshio S, Kobayashi T, Iizuka R, Mohri H. Human X- and Y-bearing sperm differ in cell surface sialic acid content.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Biomembr. 1984;124:950–955.
    doi: 10.1016/0006-291X(84)91050-7pubmed: 6542364google scholar: lookup
  171. Blottner S, Bostedt H, Mewes K, Pitra C. Enrichment of bovine X and Y spermatozoa by free-flow electrophoresis.. J. Vet. Med. A. 1994;41:466–474.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1994.tb00113.xpubmed: 7863737google scholar: lookup
  172. Ishijima SA, Okuno M, Odagiri H, Mohri T, Mohri H. Separation of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing murine sperm by free-flow electrophoresis: Evaluation of separation using PCR.. Zool. Sci. 1992;9:601–606.
    pubmed: 1369423
  173. Della Giovampaola C, Flori F, Sabatini L, Incerti L, La Sala GB, Rosati F, Focarelli R. Surface of human sperm bears three differently charged CD52 forms, two of which remain stably bound to sperm after capacitation.. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2001;60:89–96.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.1065pubmed: 11550272google scholar: lookup
  174. Kuroda K, Fukushima M, Harayama H. Premature capacitation of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from subfertile Japanese black cattle.. J. Reprod. Dev. 2007;53:1079–1086.
    doi: 10.1262/jrd.19031pubmed: 17615445google scholar: lookup
  175. Simon L, Murphy K, Aston KI, Emery BR, Hotaling JM, Carrell DT. Optimization of microelectrophoresis to select highly negatively charged sperm.. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2016;33:679–688.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0700-xpmc: PMC4889482pubmed: 27007874google scholar: lookup
  176. Magdanz V, Gebauer J, Sharan P, Eltoukhy S, Voigt D, Simmchen J. Sperm–particle interactions and their prospects for charge mapping.. Adv. Biosyst. 2019;3:1900061.
    doi: 10.1002/adbi.201900061pubmed: 32648653google scholar: lookup
  177. Pommer AC, Linfor JJ, Meyers SA. Capacitation and acrosomal exocytosis are enhanced by incubation of stallion spermatozoa in a commercial semen extender.. Theriogenology 2002;57:1493–1501.
    doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00659-3pubmed: 12054207google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,970 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.