Anatomic reference for computed tomography of the head of the foal.

This study sought to create a detailed, referenceable guide for visualising the anatomic elements of a foal’s head using computed tomography (CT) scans, aimed at being a helpful tool for veterinarians, radiologists, and students in veterinary science.

Methodology

• The researchers acquired the heads of two foals, which were euthanized due to reasons not associated with any head disorders. These were prepared for CT scanning.
• Using a modern CT scanner, they took 5-mm sequential, transverse images (cross-sectional slices).
• After scanning, the heads were frozen and then sawed into sections. The researchers tried to match the physical cuts with the CT slices.
• These physical sections were photographed and further radiographed (x-ray imaged) to produce a set of corresponding images to compare to the CT images.

Data Processing

• The photograph and radiograph images were digitized. This allowed them to be accurately lined up with the corresponding CT images.
• On a closer comparison of each set of images, the scientists tried to identify distinct physiological structures within them.

Laboring and Identification

• Specific structures of clinical significance were labeled on the corresponding images of CT scans, anatomic slices, and radiographs. This created a more holistic view of the foal’s head anatomy across different imaging methods.
• Only the structures identified in the CT image were labeled in one of the other two types of images to maintain consistency across all images and avoid possible misidentification.

Reconstruction

• Sagittal (side view, vertical plane) images were reconstructed from the transverse (cross-sectional) CT scans to show the layer from which each cross-sectional image was captured. This assisted in creating a three-dimensional understanding for the viewer.
• The labeled images were then formatted together along with a legend to aid in the identification of specific anatomic structures for ease-of-use.

Overall, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive anatomical reference of a foal’s head through the use of CT scan imagery, aiming to assist professionals and students dealing with equine health.