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Veterinary parasitology2014; 201(1-2); 1-8; doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.004

Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter?

Abstract: Parascaris equorum and cyathostomins are currently considered the most important parasites of horses and have traditionally been controlled with anthelmintics belonging to three drug classes: benzimidazoles, the tetrahydropyrimidine pyrantel, and macrocyclic lactones. Unfortunately, resistance to benzimidazoles, and to a lesser extent pyrantel, is widespread in cyathostomins around the world. Furthermore, resistance to macrocyclic lactones appears to be in the early stages of development in cyathostomins in multiple locations. In contrast, P. equorum populations have remained susceptible to the three anthelmintic drug classes for a considerably longer period of time. However, over the last 10 years, resistance to macrocyclic lactones has been described in multiple countries. In contrast, resistance to pyrantel has only been described in the USA; resistance to benzimidazoles has yet to be reported. Despite the large number of reports of anthelmintic resistance in both cyathostomins and P. equorum, there are presently no reports that definitively link anthelmintic resistance with clinical problems in horses. However, that generally appears to be due to a publication bias toward well managed horse farms and the lack of appropriate diagnostic methods for rapidly quantifying anthelmintic resistance in these parasites. Management-based, and other, reasons likely responsible for this apparent anomaly are also discussed. Finally, future research priorities in this area, identified from a discussion at the 9th International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases, are summarized.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-01-15 PubMed ID: 24485565DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The key focus of this research is the growing resistance of horse parasites, cyathostomins and Parascaris equorum, to three main anthelmintic drugs. The study also explores how this perceived resistance, despite its widespread documentation, has not been directly linked with clinical health issues in horses.

Background

  • The research focuses on the parasites P. equorum and cyathostomins, considered the most detrimental to horses. These parasites traditionally have been kept in check with three types of anthelmintic drugs: benzimidazoles, the tetrahydropyrimidine pyrantel, and macrocyclic lactones.
  • The study notes that there is increasing resistance to these drugs among the parasite populations, particularly towards benzimidazoles and pyrantel in cyathostomins.

Resistant Strains and Geographic Differences

  • The study observes that in the case of cyathostomins there is a global rise in resistance to benzimidazoles and somewhat to pyrantel. Early signs of resistance to macrocyclic lactones are also being detected in cyathostomins in several areas.
  • Interestingly, P. equorum has been prone to being treated successfully with all three drugs for a considerably longer period. However, over the past decade, they have begun showing resistance to macrocyclic lactones in various countries.
  • In contrast, resistance to pyrantel has only been reported in the USA and no cases of resistance to benzimidazoles has been observed yet.

Resistance and Clinical Problems in Horses

  • Despite ample evidence of anthelmintic resistance in both P. equorum and cyathostomins, no definitive association has been made yet between this resistance and health problems in horses.
  • The reason behind this paradox could be due to a publication bias towards reports from well-managed horse farms and the lack of efficient diagnostic methods to quantify anthelmintic resistance in these parasites speedily.

Management Factors and Future Prospects

  • The researchers suggest that other non-medical factors might be causing this disparity. A large part of the apparent anomaly could be the effect of different management practices across farms.
  • The study concludes by summarizing future research priorities in this field, drawing from discussions held during the 9th International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Peregrine AS, Molento MB, Kaplan RM, Nielsen MK. (2014). Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter? Vet Parasitol, 201(1-2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.004

Publication

Veterinary parasitology
ISSN: 1873-2550
NlmUniqueID: 7602745
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 201
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 1-8

Researcher Affiliations

Peregrine, Andrew S
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: aperegri@ovc.uoguelph.ca.
Molento, Marcelo Beltrão
  • Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Kaplan, Ray M
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Nielsen, Martin K
  • M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
  • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance
  • Helminthiasis, Animal / drug therapy
  • Helminths / drug effects
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Research / trends

Citations

This article has been cited 67 times.
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