Arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint: a mechanical comparison of 2 parallel 5.5 mm cortical screws and 3 parallel 5.5 mm cortical screws.
Abstract: To compare the biomechanical characteristics and mode of failure of 2 techniques using parallel 5.5 mm screws for pastern joint arthrodesis in horses. Methods: Randomized block design, for horse (1-5), method of fixation (two 5.5 mm screws versus three 5.5 mm screws), side (right, left), and end (front, hind). Constructs were tested to failure in 3-point bending. Methods: Twenty limbs (5 cadavers). Methods: A combined aiming device was used to facilitate screw placement. Two parallel 5.5 mm screws were inserted in lag fashion in 1 limb of a pair, and three 5.5 mm screws were inserted in the contralateral limb. Constructs were then tested in 3-point bending in a dorsal-to-palmar (plantar) direction using a materials testing machine at a loading rate of 19 mm/s. Maximal bending moment at failure and stiffness were obtained from bending moment-angular deformation curves. Results: There was no significant difference between two and three 5.5 mm screw constructs for bending moment and stiffness (P<.05). All constructs ultimately failed by bone fracture or screw bending. For proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis constructs loaded in 3-point bending, no significant effect of treatment, side, or end on maximal bending moment or stiffness was detected. Conclusions: Two 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in parallel should provide a surgically simpler and equally strong PIP joint arthrodesis compared with three 5.5 mm cortical screws. Conclusions: Two 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in parallel for PIP joint arthrodesis should perform similarly under conditions used in this study, as three 5.5 mm screws inserted in a similar manner, when loaded under bending.
Publication Date: 2005-04-30 PubMed ID: 15860105DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00022.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study examined the strength and failure mode of two different techniques for pastern joint arthrodesis in horses, using either two or three parallel 5.5mm screws for fixation. The results suggest both techniques provide equal strength and stiffness, with no significant differences detected. Therefore, using two parallel 5.5mm screws may be a simpler yet equally effective option for performing this surgical procedure.
Research Methodology
- The research used a randomized block design with the variables being: the horse (1-5), the method of fixation (two or three 5.5 mm screws), the side of the limb (right or left), and the end of the limb (front or hind).
- Twenty limbs from five cadavers were used for testing.
- A specialized tool was used to ensure accurate screw placement. In one limb, two parallel 5.5mm screws were inserted in a specific manner referred to as ‘lag fashion’, while the other limb had three 5.5mm screws inserted.
- The strength of the constructs was tested using a three-point bending method in a dorsal-to-palmar (plantar) direction, using a materials testing machine at a loading rate of 19mm/s.
- The maximal bending moment at failure, and stiffness, were recorded and analyzed.
Research Findings
- Results revealed no statistically significant difference in bending moment and stiffness between the constructs using two screws and those using three screws.
- All constructs ultimately failed either due to bone fracture or screw bending.
- No significant effects were found on maximal bending moment or stiffness from the variables of treatment, side, or end when loaded in a three-point bending method.
Conclusions
- The conclusion of this study was that a simpler surgical procedure of inserting two 5.5 mm cortical screws in parallel should provide an equally sturdy joint arthrodesis as compared to a procedure using three 5.5mm screws.
- The researchers state that two screws should perform similarly to three when used in this specific procedure, under the conditions tested in this experiment.
Cite This Article
APA
Read EK, Chandler D, Wilson DG.
(2005).
Arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint: a mechanical comparison of 2 parallel 5.5 mm cortical screws and 3 parallel 5.5 mm cortical screws.
Vet Surg, 34(2), 142-147.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00022.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. eread@ovc.uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthrodesis / instrumentation
- Arthrodesis / methods
- Arthrodesis / veterinary
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Bone Screws / veterinary
- Cadaver
- Forelimb
- Hindlimb
- Horses / injuries
- Horses / surgery
- Materials Testing
- Random Allocation
- Toe Joint / surgery
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Spadari A, Forni G, Del Magno S, Tagliavia C, Canova M, Grandis A, Rinnovati R. The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 21;11(6).
- Rocconi RA, Carmalt JL, Sampson SN, Elder SH, Gilbert EE. Comparison of limited-contact dynamic compression plate and locking compression plate constructs for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in the horse. Can Vet J 2015 Jun;56(6):615-9.
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