Assessing mechanical behavior of ostrich and equine trabecular and cortical bone based on depth sensing indentation measurements.
Abstract: Guided bone regeneration surgeries are based on grafting a scaffold in the site to be repaired. The main focus of the scaffold is to provide mechanical support to newly formed blood vessels and cells that will colonize the grafted site, achiving bone regenertation. In this regards, the aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy, structular, surface morphologycal, chemical composition, and nanomechanical properties of ostrich and equine trabecular bone. Ostrich and equine specimens were obtained from a local abattoir and bone was obtained by blunt dissection, n = 5. Tissue bone anatomy and trabecular structure were measured using Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Energy dispersion spectrometry of X-ray (EDS) were used to examine surface morphology and chemical composition of the trabecular ostrich and equine bone. Mechanical behavior was analysted by nanoindentation. Equine specimens were examined as control. CAT results suggest that in terms of anthropometry, ostrich tarsometatarsus bone is more suitable due to its length is 432.56 ± 3.12 mm vs. the highest human bone structures reported, which femur length is 533.66 ± 18.81 mm. Besides, the low radiodensity in the Hounsfield scale exhibits equine trabecular bone more brittle (Av = 1538.4 ± 0.9) than ostrich trabecular bone (Av = 462.1 ± 1.5). EDS showed a slight variation of the element Calcium (Ca) ranging from 20% to 25.5% wt in equine bone; the Ca content variation is consistent with the ring-shaped morphology, while in ostrich bone the chemical composition is homogeneous. The elastic modulus, nanohardness (E = 5.3 ± 0.7 GPa, H = 220 ± 10 MPa) and average roughness (Ra = 207 nm) are similar to the human trabecular bone which could reduce the stress shielding, all of these findings suggest that ostrich bone can be promising for native tissue scaffolds for mechanically demanding applications. This research makes innovative contributions to science and provides a framework, which will allow us to address future biomedical tests, and rapidly identify promising organic and sustainable waste for tissue scaffold.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2021-02-23 PubMed ID: 33667799DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104404Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research paper examines the properties of ostrich and equine bone to assess their usefulness in bone regeneration surgeries. The results suggest that ostrich bone may be a promising material for bio-derived tissue scaffolds due to its physical, chemical, and mechanical similarities to human bone.
Research Methodology
- The study used ostrich and equine bone samples gathered from a local abattoir, with five samples for each species. The bulk of the bone material was obtained through blunt dissection.
- The bone anatomy and structure were characterized using Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). CAT imaging produced data regarding the size and density of the samples.
- Surface morphology and chemical composition were examined through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Energy dispersion spectrometry of X-radiation (EDS) respectively.
- Nanoindentation was performed to test the samples’ mechanical behavior, which involves applying localized mechanical stress to measure properties like hardness and elasticity.
Results
- The data suggests that ounces, tarsometatarsus bone could be more suitable for bone grafts due to its relatively close length to human femur (432.56 mm vs. 533.66 mm).
- In terms of radiodensity, equine bone was found to be more brittle compared to ostrich bone. Radiodensity, measured in the Hounsfield scale, refers to the relative transparency of a material to x-ray radiation, which is correlated with bone strength and health.
- Chemical composition analysis revealed a slight variation in Calcium (Ca) content in equine bone, ranging from 20% to 25.5% by weight. This fluctuation coincided with a ring-shaped morphology in the bone samples. On the other hand, ostrich bone exhibited a homogeneous chemical composition.
- Both the elastic modulus and nanohardness of ostrich bone are similar to human trabecular bone, marking it as potentially suitable for use in tissue scaffolds. Its average roughness could also contribute to reducing stress on bone implants.
Conclusion
- Based on its morphological, chemical, and mechanical characteristics, ostrich bone could serve as a promising material for bio-derived tissue scaffolds used in bone regeneration surgeries.
- This study provides valuable insight for future biomedical tests and may help in identifying sustainable sources of organic waste that can be used in tissue scaffolds.
Cite This Article
APA
Ramírez A CE, Hurtado-Macías A, Talamantes R, Flores E, Ladrón de Guevara HP, Delgado JI, Estrella RA, Riestra JM, Montes JM, Esmonde-White K, Vardaki M, González-Hernández J, Viveros JM.
(2021).
Assessing mechanical behavior of ostrich and equine trabecular and cortical bone based on depth sensing indentation measurements.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 117, 104404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104404 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Química, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
- Departamento de Metalugría e Integridad Estructural, Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados-CIMAV, Chihuahua, Mexico. Electronic address: abel.hurtado@cimav.edu.mx.
- Departamento de Metalugría e Integridad Estructural, Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados-CIMAV, Chihuahua, Mexico.
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, División de Ciencias Biológica y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
- Departamento de Cultivo Celular y Biología Molecular, División de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Departamento de Neurocirugía y Columna Vertebral, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-IMSS, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Smart Cities Innovation Center, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Kaiser Optical System, Inc., Ann, Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial, Santiago de Querétaro, 76130, Qro, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Bone and Bones / diagnostic imaging
- Cortical Bone
- Elastic Modulus
- Elasticity
- Horses
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Stress, Mechanical
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