Assessing permethrin resistance in the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida by using laboratory selections and field evaluations.
Abstract: Insecticide resistance in the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae),has been demonstrated previously, but mostly with insecticides that are no longer used, such as the organochlorines. Resistance to commonly used pyrethroids has been evaluated twice, but only in the midwestern United States. Stable fly susceptibility to a commonly used pyrethroid, permethrin, was determined in Florida to assess the possibility of resistance development. Diagnostic concentration evaluations of three stable fly field strains demonstrated a maximum of 57 and 21% survival to permethrin residues of 3x and 10x the LC99 of a susceptible strain, respectively. Stable flies from an equine facility with no reported insecticide use demonstrated approximately 20% survival with a 3x diagnostic concentration. Despite a distance of 91-km between field collection sites, survival profiles of field-collected stable fly strains were similar. Although an established stable fly colony collected from a local dairy previously expressed low level resistance to permethrin residues, five generations of laboratory permethrin selection increased resistance 15-fold.
Publication Date: 2011-02-12 PubMed ID: 21309252DOI: 10.1603/ec10166Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Science
- Field Study
- In Vitro Research
- In Vivo
- Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
- Laboratory Methods
- Public Health
- Veterinary Medicine
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study focuses on assessing permethrin resistance in stable flies in Florida, highlighting that while prior resistance to certain insecticides has been established, insecticide resistance, specifically to permethrin, may be on the rise, even in regions with no reported use of such substances.
Objective and Approach
- The study aimed to evaluate the level of resistance the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) in Florida has developed against a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide, permethrin.
- The scientists used both in-lab testing, where selection pressure was placed on fly generations, and evaluations of field collected strains to ascertain the extent of resistance.
Key Findings
- The results showed that for three field strains of stable flies, exposure to permethrin residues in concentrations triple (3x) and ten times (10x) the lethal concentration for 99% of a susceptible strain (LC99) led to survival rates of 57% and 21% respectively.
- Furthermore, from an equine facility where no insecticide usage was reported, approximately 20% of the flies survived when a 3x diagnostic concentration was applied.
- Interestingly, despite a significant geographic separation (91 kilometers) between collection sites, field-collected stable fly strains showcased similar survival profiles.
Significance of the Study
- This research highlights that resistance to permethrin by stable flies in Florida is a possibility, suggesting a decrease in permethrin’s effectiveness in controlling the pest.
- An established stable fly colony collected from a local dairy initially showed low-level resistance, but after five generations of laboratory permethrin selection, this resistance increased 15-fold. This indicates that such resistance could become more prominent over time due to selection pressure instrumental in promoting survival of the resistant flies.
Cite This Article
APA
Pitzer JB, Kaufman PE, Tenbroeck SH.
(2011).
Assessing permethrin resistance in the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida by using laboratory selections and field evaluations.
J Econ Entomol, 103(6), 2258-2263.
https://doi.org/10.1603/ec10166 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 970 Natural Area Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Florida
- Insecticide Resistance / genetics
- Insecticides / pharmacology
- Lethal Dose 50
- Muscidae / drug effects
- Muscidae / genetics
- Permethrin / pharmacology
- Selection, Genetic
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Lorn S, Klakankhai W, Nusen P, Sumarnrote A, Tainchum K. Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys indicus (Diptera: Muscidae) Collected from Cattle Farms in Southern Thailand. Insects 2022 Aug 7;13(8).
- Changbunjong T, Boonmasawai S, Sungpradit S, Weluwanarak T, Leesombun A. Contact and Fumigant Activities of Citrus aurantium Essential Oil against the Stable Fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Plants (Basel) 2022 Apr 21;11(9).
- Sharif S, Liénard E, Duvallet G, Etienne L, Mongellaz C, Grisez C, Franc M, Bouhsira E, Jacquiet P. Attractiveness and Specificity of Different Polyethylene Blue Screens on Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Insects 2020 Aug 27;11(9).
- Burgess ER, Geden CJ, Lohmeyer KH, King BH, Machtinger ET, Scott JG. Toxicity of fluralaner, a companion animal insecticide, relative to industry-leading agricultural insecticides against resistant and susceptible strains of filth flies. Sci Rep 2020 Jul 7;10(1):11166.
- Cook D. A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Insects 2020 May 15;11(5).
- Tainchum K, Shukri S, Duvallet G, Etienne L, Jacquiet P. Phenotypic susceptibility to pyrethroids and organophosphate of wild Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in southwestern France. Parasitol Res 2018 Dec;117(12):4027-4032.
- Holderman CJ, Swale DR, Bloomquist JR, Kaufman PE. Resistance to Permethrin, β-cyfluthrin, and Diazinon in Florida Horn Fly Populations. Insects 2018 Jun 12;9(2).
- Machtinger ET, Geden CJ, Leppla NC. Linear Dispersal of the Filth Fly Parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Parasitism of Hosts at Increasing Distances. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0129105.
- Baldacchino F, Tramut C, Salem A, Liénard E, Delétré E, Franc M, Martin T, Duvallet G, Jay-Robert P. The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using video tracking. Parasite 2013;20:21.
- Liu SS, Li AY, Witt CM, Pérez de León AA. Effects of reserpine on reproduction and serotonin immunoreactivity in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). J Insect Physiol 2013 Sep;59(9):974-82.
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