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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Di...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(12); doi: 10.3390/ani11123418

Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses.

Abstract: Equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are common respiratory pathogens in horses; whilst the alphaherpesviruses are better understood, the clinical importance of the gammaherpesviruses remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and any association between, equine respiratory herpesviruses EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 infection in horses with and without clinical signs of respiratory disease. Nasal swabs were collected from 407 horses in Victoria and included clinically normal horses that had been screened for regulatory purposes. Samples were collected from horses during Australia's equine influenza outbreak in 2007; however, horses in Victoria required testing for proof of freedom from EIV. All horses tested in Victoria were negative for EIV, hence archived swabs were available to screen for other pathogens such as EHVs. Quantitative PCR techniques were used to detect EHVs. Of the 407 horses sampled, 249 (61%) were clinically normal, 120 (29%) presented with clinical signs consistent with mild respiratory disease and 38 (9%) horses had an unknown clinical history. Of the three horses detected shedding EHV1, and the five shedding EHV4, only one was noted to have clinical signs referable to respiratory disease. The proportion of EHV5-infected horses in the diseased group (85/120, 70.8%) was significantly greater than those not showing signs of disease (137/249, 55%). The odds of EHV5-positive horses demonstrating clinical signs of respiratory disease were twice that of EHV5-negative horses (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.16). No quantitative difference between mean loads of EHV shedding between diseased and non-diseased horses was detected. The clinical significance of respiratory gammaherpesvirus infections in horses remains to be determined; however, this survey adds to the mounting body of evidence associating EHV5 with equine respiratory disease.
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Publication Date: 2021-11-30 PubMed ID: 34944194PubMed Central: PMC8697987DOI: 10.3390/ani11123418Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aimed to explore the prevalence and potential associations between different types of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) and respiratory diseases in horses. The study revealed a higher proportion of EHV5 infections among horses showing signs of respiratory disease compared to those appearing healthy, suggesting the potential link between EHV5 and equine respiratory illnesses.

Study Design and Methodology

  • This study was designed to determine the prevalence and possible connections of equine respiratory herpesviruses – EHV1, EHV2, EHV4, and EHV5 infections among horses, whether or not they showed signs of respiratory disease.
  • The researchers collected nasal swabs from 407 horses in Victoria, Australia, including clinically normal horses that had been screened for regulatory purposes.
  • The samples had been collected during Australia’s equine influenza outbreak in 2007, when horses in Victoria were being tested to prove freedom from Equine Influenza Virus (EIV). All horses tested at the time were EIV-negative, making their archived swabs available for screening other possible pathogens like EHVs.

Data Collection and Analysis

  • The team used quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques to detect EHVs’ presence.
  • Out of the 407 horses sampled, 249 (61%) were clinically normal, 120 (29%) showed clinical signs consistent with mild respiratory disease, while 38 (9%) horses had an unknown clinical status.
  • Among the horses detected shedding EHV1 and EHV4, only one showed clinical signs of respiratory disease.
  • The proportion of EHV5-infected horses in the diseased group was higher than those not showing signs of disease. This indicates a potential connection between EHV5 infection and respiratory disease in horses.

Key Findings

  • The odds of EHV5-positive horses exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease were twice as high as those of EHV5-negative horses.
  • No significant difference was observed in the mean loads of EHV shedding between diseased and non-diseased horses.
  • The study did not conclude the clinical significance of respiratory gammaherpesvirus infections in horses; however, the findings contribute to an increasing body of evidence associating EHV5 with equine respiratory disease.

Overall, this research adds valuable insights to understanding equine herpesviruses, particularly the potential linkage between EHV5 infection and respiratory diseases in horses. It encourages further investigation to determine the role of respiratory gammaherpesvirus infections in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
El-Hage C, Mekuria Z, Dynon K, Hartley C, McBride K, Gilkerson J. (2021). Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses. Animals (Basel), 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123418

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 12

Researcher Affiliations

El-Hage, Charles
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Mekuria, Zelalem
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
  • Global One Health Initiative, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Dynon, Kemperly
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Hartley, Carol
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
McBride, Kristin
  • UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Gilkerson, James
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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