Attenuation From Shoes and Pads in Equine Nuclear Scintigraphy, With Relevance to Solar Views.
Abstract: Nuclear scintigraphy can be beneficial in the investigation of equine lameness and poor performance. Images obtained through the sole allow for better identification of a region of increased radionuclide uptake in the foot. The presence of shoes or pads may affect these images. To determine the degree of radioactive attenuation different types of shoes and pads of different thickness and materials were evaluated by placing the material directly on the gamma camera detector acquiring flood images from a point source. The study compared five different types of shoes from 3 different shoeing materials, steel, aluminum, and polyurethane. This study also assessed 8 different types of pads that were selected based on the subjective densities and variable rigidity of the materials. All types of shoes/pads evaluated caused some degree of attenuation ( < 0.05). Steel shoes of all types cause the most attenuation (54%), followed by aluminum shoes (22%), and the shoes or pads composed primarily of a plastic polymer cause the least amount of attenuation (15%). The results of the study found that pads or shoes cause significant ( < 0.05) attenuation of gamma radiation. Composition, thickness and density characterized mass absorption coefficient, of the material affect the amount of gamma radiation attenuation. Because of the attenuation of gamma radiation, we recommend shoes and pads be removed prior to nuclear scintigraphic examination of the front foot if a solar image is desired, as this attenuation may affect image quality.
Copyright © 2020 Walker, Martinelli, Rantanen, Drumond and Trostle.
Publication Date: 2020-09-24 PubMed ID: 33195506PubMed Central: PMC7542681DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.516718Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research examines how different types of horseshoes and pads used in equine (horse) medicine affect the effectiveness of nuclear scintigraphy – a diagnostic imaging technique. Findings reveal that all types of shoes and pads interfere, albeit at different levels, with the imaging process, with steel shoes causing the most interference.
Study Design and Implementation
- This study used nuclear scintigraphy, a form of imaging that uses radionuclides for detecting areas of increased activity (like inflammation) in the horse’s feet.
- The researchers decided the effect of different types of horseshoes and pads on the imaging process by placing these directly on the gamma camera detector and capturing images from a point source.
- Five types of shoes made from steel, aluminium, and polyurethane and eight types of pads differing in density and rigidity were compared.
Findings
- All shoe and pad types used in the study caused some level of attenuation or reduction in the power of gamma radiation.
- Steel shoes led the most significant attenuation of 54%, aluminium shoes followed with 22%, and shoes or pads made primarily of plastic polymers caused the least attenuation at 15%.
- The composition, thickness, and density of the materials influenced their mass absorption coefficient, which in turn affects the amount of gamma radiation attenuation.
Conclusions and Recommendations
- This study reveals a significant impact ( <0.05) of various shoes and pads on the quality of images obtained with nuclear scintigraphy. The interference of gamma radiation may affect the correct identification of the source and severity of equine lameness or poor performance.
- Because of the attenuation of gamma radiation, researchers recommend that shoes and pads be removed before undertaking a nuclear scintigraphic examination of the horse’s front foot if a detailed image is required.
Cite This Article
APA
Walker L, Martinelli MJ, Rantanen N, Drumond B, Trostle S.
(2020).
Attenuation From Shoes and Pads in Equine Nuclear Scintigraphy, With Relevance to Solar Views.
Front Vet Sci, 7, 516718.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.516718 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- California Equine Orthopedics, San Marcos, CA, United States.
- California Equine Orthopedics, San Marcos, CA, United States.
- California Equine Orthopedics, San Marcos, CA, United States.
- California Equine Orthopedics, San Marcos, CA, United States.
- Blue Ridge Equine Clinic, Earlysville, VA, United States.
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