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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesen...
International journal of molecular sciences2022; 23(10); 5858; doi: 10.3390/ijms23105858

Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-encapsulated particles secreted by virtually all cell types. EVs play an essential role in cellular crosstalk in health and disease. The cellular origin of EVs determines their composition and potential therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have shown a comparable therapeutic potential to their donor cells, making them a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic application of EVs circumvents some safety concerns associated with the transplantation of viable, replicating cells and facilitates the quality-controlled production as a ready-to-go, off-the-shelf biological therapy. Recently, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) suggested a set of minimal biochemical, biophysical and functional standards to define extracellular vesicles and their functions to improve standardisation in EV research. However, nonstandardised EV isolation methods and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species restrict the application of these standards in the veterinary field and, therefore, the species comparability and standardisation of animal experiments. In this study, EVs were isolated from equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs using two different isolation methods, stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs were established and validated. Equine EVs were characterised using a nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot and transelectron microscopy. Based on the ISEV standards, minimal criteria for defining equine EVs are suggested as a baseline to allow the comparison of EV preparations obtained by different laboratories.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-23 PubMed ID: 35628667PubMed Central: PMC9145091DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105858Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study primarily focuses on the characterization of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from equine mesenchymal stem cells. The researchers used two different isolation methods, conducted a thorough analysis and established minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs based on International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) standards.

Extracellular Vesicles and their Therapeutic Potential

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny particles coated with a lipid bilayer, which are released by nearly all types of cells. They are fundamental in mediating cell-to-cell communication, both in health and disease situations.
  • The source of EVs essentially determines their composition and possible therapeutic impacts. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential on par with the donor cells.
  • The use of EVs has certain advantages over direct cell transplantation, including alleviating safety concerns linked with the injection of live, replicating cells and enabling the production of controlled quality ready-to-use biological therapies.

EV Research Challenges and the Role of ISEV

  • Evidence-based, biophysical, and functional standards for defining extracellular vesicles and their roles have been suggested by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). The aim is to enhance the level of standardisation in EV research.
  • However, the use of non-standardised methods for EV isolation and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species impedes the application of these standards, particularly in the veterinary field. This in turn limits species comparability and the standardisation of animal experiments.

Study Methods and Findings

  • In this study, EVs derived from equine bone marrow MSCs were isolated using the procedural methods of stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography.
  • Meticulous experimental requirements were defined for equine EVs and validated.
  • The characterization of equine EVs was achieved through nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot, and transelectron microscopy.
  • The application of the ISEV standards resulted in the suggestion of minimum criteria for defining equine EVs. This is proposed as a benchmark to facilitate the comparison of EV preparations made by different laboratories.

Cite This Article

APA
Soukup R, Gerner I, Gültekin S, Baik H, Oesterreicher J, Grillari J, Jenner F. (2022). Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci, 23(10), 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105858

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 23
Issue: 10
PII: 5858

Researcher Affiliations

Soukup, Robert
  • VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Gerner, Iris
  • VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
Gültekin, Sinan
  • VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Baik, Hayeon
  • VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Oesterreicher, Johannes
  • Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
Grillari, Johannes
  • Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
  • Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
  • Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Jenner, Florien
  • VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chromatography, Gel
  • Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Ultracentrifugation

Conflict of Interest Statement

J.G. is cofounder and shareholder of Evercyte GmbH and TAmiRNA GmbH. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Soukup R, Gerner I, Mohr T, Gueltekin S, Grillari J, Jenner F. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Modulates Inflammation in Tenocytes: Complete Conditioned Medium Has Superior Therapeutic Efficacy than Its Extracellular Vesicle Fraction.. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jun 29;24(13).
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