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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Characterization of a cytolytic strain of equine infectious ...
Journal of virology2003; 77(4); 2385-2399; doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.4.2385-2399.2003

Characterization of a cytolytic strain of equine infectious anemia virus.

Abstract: A novel strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) called vMA-1c that rapidly and specifically killed infected equine fibroblasts (ED cells) but not other infectible cell lines was established. This strain was generated from an avirulent, noncytopathic strain of EIAV, MA-1. Studies with this new cytolytic strain of virus have permitted us to define viral parameters associated with EIAV-induced cell killing and begin to explore the mechanism. vMA-1c infection resulted in induction of rapid cell death, enhanced fusogenic activity, and increased rates of spread in equine fibroblasts compared to other strains of EIAV. The highly cytolytic nature of vMA-1c suggested that this strain might be superinfecting equine fibroblasts. Receptor interference studies demonstrated that prior infection of equine fibroblasts with EIAV did not alter the ability of vMA-1c to infect and kill these cells. In similar studies in a canine fibroblast cell line, receptor interference did occur. vMA-1c infection of equine fibroblasts was also associated with large quantities of unintegrated viral DNA, a well-established hallmark of retroviral superinfection. Cloning of the vMA-1c genome identified nucleotide changes that would result in at least one amino acid change in all viral proteins. A chimeric infectious molecular clone containing the vMA-1c tat, S2, and env open reading frames recapitulated most of the characteristics of vMA-1c, including superinfection, fibroblast killing, and fusogenic activity. In summary, in vitro selection for a strain of EIAV that rapidly killed cells resulted in the generation of a virus that was able to superinfect these cells, presumably by the use of a novel mechanism of cell entry. This phenotype mapped to the 3' half of the genome.
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Publication Date: 2003-01-29 PubMed ID: 12551976PubMed Central: PMC141072DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.4.2385-2399.2003Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the discovery of a unique and lethal strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) known as vMA-1c, the impact of its infection on equine cells, and the relationship of the strain’s genetic characteristics in facilitating its destructive tendencies.

Novel Cytolytic Strain of EIAV

  • A new strain of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) called vMA-1c was created. This strain is cytolytic, meaning it rapidly and specifically destroys infected equine fibroblasts, a type of cell in horses.
  • The vMA-1c strain was developed from an avirulent, noncytopathic strain of EIAV named MA-1, which is harmless and does not cause cell death.
  • The study allowed researchers to identify viral parameters associated with EIAV-induced cell killing and to begin understanding its mechanism.

Infection Impact

  • The vMA-1c infection resulted in rapid cell death, increased fusion activity, and heightened rates of spread in equine fibroblasts, compared to other EIAV strains.
  • The highly destructive nature of vMA-1c suggested that this strain might be superinfecting equine fibroblasts, meaning it infects cells that are already infected.
  • The ability of vMA-1c to infect and kill cells was not altered by prior EIAV infection, indicating the powerful and unique nature of this cytolytic strain.

Genetic Characteristics and Superinfection

  • vMA-1c infection resulted in large quantities of unintegrated viral DNA, which is a recognizable characteristic of retroviral superinfection.
  • The cloning of the vMA-1c genome led to the identification of several changes in nucleotide structure, leading to alterations in the amino acid composition in all viral proteins.
  • An experimental copy of the infectious molecular structure containing the vMA-1c tat, S2, and env open reading frames showed similarities to the unique characteristics of vMA-1c, such as its superinfection ability, fibroblast-killing trait, and fusion activity.

Summary of Findings

  • By selecting for a strain of EIAV that quickly killed cells, a virus was generated that could superinfect these cells. It’s hypothesized that this is achieved through a unique method of cell entry.
  • This phenotype, or observable trait, was located in the second half of the genome, suggesting where such unique characteristics might be encoded.

Cite This Article

APA
Maury W, Wright PJ, Bradley S. (2003). Characterization of a cytolytic strain of equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol, 77(4), 2385-2399. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.4.2385-2399.2003

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 77
Issue: 4
Pages: 2385-2399

Researcher Affiliations

Maury, Wendy
  • Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. wendy-maury@uiowa.edu
Wright, Patrick J
    Bradley, Sarahann

      MeSH Terms

      • Amino Acid Sequence
      • Animals
      • Cells, Cultured
      • Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
      • DNA, Viral / analysis
      • Fibroblasts / virology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Viral Proteins / chemistry
      • Viral Proteins / genetics
      • Virulence

      Grant Funding

      • CA 72063 / NCI NIH HHS

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      Citations

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