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American journal of veterinary research2022; 83(6); ajvr.21.09.0143; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.21.09.0143

Characterization of fungal exposure and dectin-1 expression in healthy horses and horses with severe asthma.

Abstract: To quantify dectin-1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), create polyclonal antibodies against equine dectin-1 and localize it in tissues, and quantify fungal exposure in pastured and stabled asthmatic and nonasthmatic horses. Methods: BALF samples from 6 controls and 6 horses with severe asthma. Stored lung and nasal wash samples. Methods: Dectin-1 expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Purified peptide from equine dectin-1 was used to generate polyclonal antibodies and was confirmed with immunological testing. Fungal exposure was quantified in BALF samples by counting fungal-like intracellular particles in phagocytic cells, by qPCR quantification of the "universal" 18S rRNA fungal gene, and by quantifying 36 specific fungi in equine and dust samples using qPCR assays. Results: Equine dectin-1 was localized in tissues and cells, and functional isoforms were upregulated significantly in BALF after stabling. Pastured horses from both groups had low levels of fungi in BALF, and there was a significant increase in some specific fungi, most notably for Eurotium amstelodami, Wallemia sebi, and Aspergillus niger after stabling. However, stabled asthmatic horses had fewer phagocytized particles, less 18S rRNA signal, and fewer specific fungi compared to nonasthmatic horses. Conclusions: Stabling increases exposure to fungi, but asthmatic horses had fewer fungi reaching their lower airways, presumably resulting from congestion and narrowing of the airways. Exposure to fungi could contribute to airway inflammation by increasing dectin-1 functional isoforms, and exposure to indoor molds should be avoided.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-08 PubMed ID: 35524958PubMed Central: PMC9237812DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.09.0143Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the levels of fungi exposure and the expression of immune receptor dectin-1 in healthy and asthmatic horses. The findings suggest stabling increases exposure to fungi, which may lead to higher inflammation in the airways through the increased expression of dectin-1. Asthmatic horses, however, appear to have fewer fungi reaching their lower airways, assumedly because of blockage and airway narrowing.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers evaluated the levels of dectin-1, a protein that recognizes and helps fight off fungal infections, by analyzing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. They used samples from six healthy horses and six horses with severe asthma.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to quantify dectin-1 expression, and antibodies against equine dectin-1 were generated using purified peptide to confirm its location at the tissue level.
  • Fungal exposure in horses was determined by counting fungal particles in the phagocytic cells of BALF samples, quantifying the universally-present 18S rRNA fungal gene with qPCR, and assessing the presence of 36 specific fungi in horse and dust samples through qPCR assays.

Results

  • The results revealed that dectin-1 was localized inside cells and tissues. The protein’s functional isoforms increased significantly in BALF samples after the horses were stabled.
  • Low levels of fungi were found in the BALF samples from pastured horses, regardless of their health status. However, stabling considerably increased their exposure to certain fungi strains, particularly Eurotium amstelodami, Wallemia sebi, and Aspergillus niger.
  • In comparison to healthy horses, fewer fungal particles, less 18S rRNA signal, and fewer specific fungi were found in asthmatic horses’ stabled conditions.

Conclusions

  • The findings show that keeping horses in stables results in higher fungal exposure, although asthmatic horses show fewer fungi reaching their lower airways due to suspected congestion and narrowing of the airways.
  • The increased exposure to fungi may lead to elevated airway inflammation via the increased expression of functional dectin-1 isoforms.
  • The researchers concluded that exposure to indoor molds should be avoided to decrease the risk of airway inflammation.

Cite This Article

APA
Di Pietro R, Dubuc V, Manguin E, Giroux-Lafond R, Bédard C, Boivin R, Lavoie JP, Vesper SJ, Leclere M. (2022). Characterization of fungal exposure and dectin-1 expression in healthy horses and horses with severe asthma. Am J Vet Res, 83(6), ajvr.21.09.0143. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.21.09.0143

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 1943-5681
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 83
Issue: 6
PII: ajvr.21.09.0143

Researcher Affiliations

Di Pietro, Rebecca
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Dubuc, Valérie
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Manguin, Estelle
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Giroux-Lafond, Roxane
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Bédard, Christian
  • Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Boivin, Roxane
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Lavoie, Jean-Pierre
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Vesper, Stephen J
  • Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Leclere, Mathilde
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Lectins, C-Type
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S

Grant Funding

  • EPA999999 / Intramural EPA

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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