Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Chronic interstitial pneumonia with features of organizing pneumonia in an adult horse.
Abstract: A 22-y-old American Quarter Horse gelding was presented with a history of chronic progressive respiratory problems and a diffuse pulmonary nodular pattern in thoracic radiographs. The horse was euthanized, and 4 formalin-fixed samples of lung were submitted for histopathology. There were multifocal areas of marked thickening of alveolar septa as a result of proliferation of myofibroblasts embedded in fibromyxoid matrix (interpreted as "Masson bodies"), focal areas of fibrosis, and numerous papillary projections of connective tissue into bronchioles. A diagnosis of organizing pneumonia was reached. No etiology was found for this lesion. It is important to consider causes of chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis in horses other than equid herpesvirus 5, such as complicated viral or bacterial pneumonia or chronic toxicoses.
Publication Date: 2020-07-21 PubMed ID: 32687009PubMed Central: PMC7438643DOI: 10.1177/1040638720936251Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Case Reports
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article discusses a case of a 22-year-old American Quarter Horse that suffered from chronic progressive respiratory problems, which were ultimately diagnosed as organizing pneumonia, a rare condition.
Case Presentation
- The subject of the study was an American Quarter Horse gelding, aged 22 years, which had been experiencing chronic progressive respiratory issues. These problems were severe enough that they appeared as a diffuse pulmonary nodular pattern in the horse’s thoracic radiographs – a set of X-ray images of its chest.
- Due to its health issues, the horse was eventually euthanized. For further investigation of the root cause of the horse’s respiratory problems, 4 formalin-fixed samples of the horse’s lung were submitted for histopathology – the study of changes in tissues caused by disease.
Findings and Diagnosis
- The findings from the histopathology presented several abnormalities in the lung tissues of the horse. These abnormalities included multifocal areas where the walls separating the alveoli (air sacs in the lung) were markedly thickened due to the proliferation of myofibroblasts – a type of cell that plays a crucial role in wound healing and the replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue (scar tissue).
- These myofibroblasts were embedded in a fibromyxoid matrix – a soft, gelatinous tissue – resulting in structures interpreted as “Masson bodies”, a characteristic formation in certain types of lung diseases.
- The lung samples also displayed focal areas of fibrosis – the thickening and scarring of connective tissue – along with numerous papillary projections of connective tissue protruding into bronchioles, the small airways in the lungs.
- All these findings led researchers to diagnose the horse’s condition as organizing pneumonia, a rare and specific form of pneumonia characterized by the presence of fibrous plugs in the airspaces and bronchioles.
Implications
- Despite the detailed investigation, researchers were unable to identify the cause of the horse’s organizing pneumonia. They highlight that although equid herpesvirus 5 is often implicated in cases of chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis in horses, other causes such as complicated viral or bacterial pneumonia or chronic toxicoses should be considered.
- The study emphasizes the significance of comprehensive diagnostic investigation in horses presenting with chronic respiratory conditions to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Carrillo MF, Kemper D, Woods LW, Carvallo FR.
(2020).
Chronic interstitial pneumonia with features of organizing pneumonia in an adult horse.
J Vet Diagn Invest, 32(4), 621-625.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720936251 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Carrillo).
- West Coast Equine Hospital, Somis, CA (Kemper).
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Woods).
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Carvallo).
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Carrillo).
- West Coast Equine Hospital, Somis, CA (Kemper).
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Woods).
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Carvallo).
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Carrillo).
- West Coast Equine Hospital, Somis, CA (Kemper).
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Woods).
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Carvallo).
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Carrillo).
- West Coast Equine Hospital, Somis, CA (Kemper).
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Woods).
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Carvallo).
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Fatal Outcome
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lung / pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / diagnosis
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / etiology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / veterinary
- Male
- Pneumonia / diagnosis
- Pneumonia / etiology
- Pneumonia / pathology
- Pneumonia / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of conflicting interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
References
This article includes 30 references
- Akyil FT. Organizing pneumonia as a histopathological term. Turk Thorac J 2017;18:82–87.
- Back H. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in association with asinine herpesvirus type 5 and equine herpesvirus type 5: a case report. Acta Vet Scand 2012;54:57.
- Baha A. Cryptogenic and secondary organizing pneumonia: clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis in 56 cases. Turk Thorac J 2018;19:201–208.
- Burrows G, Tyrl R, eds. Asteraceae dumort . In: Toxic Plants of North America. 1st ed Iowa State University Press, 2001:220–221.
- Caswell J, Williams K. Respiratory system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol. 2 6th ed. Elsevier, 2016:465–591.
- Chandra D, Hershberger DM. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. StatPearls 2019. February 22; Accessed 2019 Sept 15.
- Cheng CC. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in swine associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011;2011:245728.
- Churg A. Cicatricial organizing pneumonia mimicking a fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. Histopathology 2018;72:846–854.
- Churg A, Muller NL, eds. Bronchiolitis. In: Atlas of Interstitial Lung Disease Pathology: Pathology with High Resolution CT Correlation. Wolters Kluwer, 2014:181–194.
- Churg A, Muller NL, eds. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. In: Atlas of Interstitial Lung Disease Pathology: Pathology with High Resolution CT Correlation. Wolters Kluwer, 2014:25–37.
- Cordier JF. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 2004;25:727–738.
- Cordier JF. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2006;28:422–446.
- Doran P, Egan JJ. Herpesviruses: a cofactor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005;289:L709–L710.
- Fortier G. Equine gammaherpesviruses: pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnosis. Vet J 2010;186:148–156.
- Hayes D Jr. A review of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and therapeutic strategies. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;6:92.
- Izykowski N. Organizing pneumonia in mice and men. J Tansl Med 2016;14:169.
- Koster L, Kirberger R. Steroid-responsive idiopathic interstitial lung disease in two dogs. Vet Rec Case Rep 2014;2:e000091.
- Li X. Oleic acid-associated bronchiolitis-obliterans organizing pneumonia in Beagle dogs. Vet Pathol 2006;43:183–185.
- López A, Martinson S. Respiratory system, mediastinum and pleurae. In: Zachary JF, ed. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2017:471–560.
- Masson P. Poumon rheumatismal [Rheumatic pneumonitis]. Ann Anat Pathol 1937;14:359–382.
- Norris CR. Use of keyhole lung biopsy for diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats: 13 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;15:1453–1459.
- Oliveira DS. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: review of the latest American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. Radiol Bras 2018;51:321–327.
- Philips S. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2000;14:204–207.
- Saito Z. Predictive factors for relapse of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2019;19:10.
- Schlesinger C, Koss MN. The organizing pneumonias: an update and review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005;11:422–430.
- Williams KJ. Gammaherpesviruses and pulmonary fibrosis: evidence from humans, horses, and rodents. Vet Pathol 2014;51:372–384.
- Williams KJ. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. Vet Pathol 2007;44:849–862.
- Williams KJ. Experimental induction of pulmonary fibrosis in horses with the gammaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 5. PLoS One 2013;8:e77754.
- Willis BC. Epithelial origin of myofibroblasts during fibrosis in the lung. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006;3:377–382.
- Wong D. Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;232:898–905.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Rahman A, Uzal FA, Hassebroek AM, Carvallo FR. Retrospective study of pneumonia in non-racing horses in California. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 Jul;34(4):587-593.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
