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Stem cell research & therapy2019; 10(1); 392; doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1499-z

Cladophora glomerata methanolic extract promotes chondrogenic gene expression and cartilage phenotype differentiation in equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells affected by metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Chondrogenesis represents a highly dynamic cellular process that leads to the establishment of various types of cartilage. However, when stress-related injuries occur, a rapid and efficient regeneration of the tissues is necessary to maintain cartilage integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to exhibit high capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency effects, and thus play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. On the other hand, the influence of certain pathological conditions such as metabolic disorders on MSCs can seriously impair their regenerative properties and thus reduce their therapeutic potential. In this investigation, we attempted to improve and potentiate the in vitro chondrogenic ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) isolated from horses suffering from metabolic syndrome. Cultured cells in chondrogenic-inductive medium supplemented with Cladophora glomerata methanolic extract were experimented for expression of the main genes and microRNAs involved in the differentiation process using RT-PCR, for their morphological changes through confocal and scanning electron microscopy and for their physiological homeostasis. The different added concentrations of C. glomerata extract to the basic chondrogenic inductive culture medium promoted the proliferation of equine metabolic syndrome ASCs (ASCs) and resulted in chondrogenic phenotype differentiation and higher mRNA expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and Sox9 among others. The results reveal an obvious inhibitory effect of hypertrophy and a strong repression of miR-145-5p, miR-146-3p, and miR-34a and miR-449a largely involved in cartilage degradation. Treated cells additionally exhibited significant reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as promoted viability and mitochondrial potentiation. Chondrogenesis in EqASCs was found to be prominent after chondrogenic induction in conditions containing C. glomerata extract, suggesting that the macroalgae could be considered for the enhancement of ASC cultures and their reparative properties.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-17 PubMed ID: 31847882PubMed Central: PMC6916455DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1499-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on how an extract from the algae Cladophora glomerata can significantly enhance the ability of stem cells derived from the fat of horses with metabolic syndrome to develop into cartilage cells.

Overview of the Research

  • The research revolves around understanding how chondrogenesis; a process involving the development of cartilage, can be influenced by the extract of Cladophora glomerata, a type of macroalgae. The researchers focus on the potential application of the algae extract in supporting the regeneration of cartilage in horses with metabolic syndrome.
  • As the authors outline, the maintenance of cartilage integrity is especially critical when stress-related injuries occur. As a fundamental part of this process, the functionality of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) – which are known for their high capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency – is central. However, this functionality can be negatively affected by pathological conditions such as metabolic disorders.
  • This study specifically focuses on fat-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) isolated from horses suffering from metabolic syndrome, and seeks to enhance their in-vitro chondrogenic ability through the application of Cladophora glomerata, a kind of macroalgae, extract.
  • The cultured cells were given chondrogenic-inductive media, supplemented with the extract, in order to promote cartilage development.

Findings of the Research

  • The researchers found that the addition of different concentrations of the C. glomerata extract promoted the proliferation of ASCs, resulting in an acceleration of the differentiation into cartilage phenotypes (cell characteristics) and an increase in the expression of cartilage-specific genes such as collagen type II and aggrecan.
  • The extract also showed an inhibitory effect on hypertrophy – an increase in the size of cells which can lead to damage – and significantly repressed the expression of certain microRNAs (small regulatory RNAs) known to be involved in cartilage degradation.
  • In addition to these positive effects on chondrogenesis, the treated stem cells also displayed reduced rates of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and oxidative stress, showing enhanced cellular health and demonstrating increased viability and mitochondrial potentiation (strengthening or increasing of the action of mitochondria).
  • In conclusion, the researchers found that Cladophora glomerata extract has the potential to enhance the reparative properties of ASCs, thus opening new possibilities in the application of this macroalgae extract in regenerative medicine, specifically in the domain of cartilage regeneration.

Cite This Article

APA
Bourebaba L, Michalak I, Baouche M, Kucharczyk K, Marycz K. (2019). Cladophora glomerata methanolic extract promotes chondrogenic gene expression and cartilage phenotype differentiation in equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells affected by metabolic syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther, 10(1), 392. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1499-z

Publication

Stem cell research & therapy
ISSN: 1757-6512
NlmUniqueID: 101527581
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 392
PII: 392

Researcher Affiliations

Bourebaba, Lynda
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
  • International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland.
Michalak, Izabela
  • Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland.
Baouche, Meriem
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
  • International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland.
Kucharczyk, Katarzyna
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
Marycz, Krzysztof
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.
  • International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Malin, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.
  • Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW), Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.

MeSH Terms

  • Aggrecans / genetics
  • Aggrecans / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Chlorophyta / chemistry
  • Chlorophyta / metabolism
  • Chondrocytes / cytology
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Chondrogenesis / drug effects
  • Collagen Type II / genetics
  • Collagen Type II / metabolism
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Metabolic Syndrome / metabolism
  • Metabolic Syndrome / pathology
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Mitochondrial Membranes / drug effects
  • Mitochondrial Membranes / physiology
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • SOX9 Transcription Factor / genetics
  • SOX9 Transcription Factor / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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