Clinical Evaluation and Preventative Care in Donkeys.
Abstract: Clinical evaluation and preventative care in donkeys should follow similar guidelines as for horses. There are species-specific differences due to the desert-adapted physiology of the donkey. Donkeys are mainly used as pack animals, companions and for production of meat or milk - they may be kept well into old age. Diseases often present late or may go unrecognized leading to poor welfare and quality of life. Basic knowledge of nutrition, blood values, pharmacology and common disease recognition will help veterinarians improve the health and welfare of donkeys.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-11-02 PubMed ID: 31672202DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article emphasizes the importance of adopting similar guidelines for the clinical evaluation and preventative care of donkeys as horses, whilst considering the specific physiological characteristics of donkeys that stem from their adaptation to desert environments.
Adapting Horse-Based Guidelines for Donkey Care
- The researchers argue that when providing clinical evaluation and preventative care for donkeys, similar guidelines as those used for horses should be adopted. This is due to the biological similarities between the two species.
- However, it’s important that these guidelines are not applied blindly. Donkeys have evolved to survive in desert climates, and as such, they have specific physiological characteristics which differ from those of horses.
- These species-specific differences must be taken into account when implementing healthcare procedures, to ensure that the donkey’s unique needs are being met.
Functions of Donkeys
- Donkeys serve a variety of roles in society. They are often used as pack animals to carry loads, as companions for humans and other animals, and in some places, for their meat or milk.
- Because of their utility, these animals are frequently kept well into old age. This increases the importance of effective preventative healthcare, in order to maintain their wellbeing throughout their lifespan.
Disease Recognition in Donkeys
- One issue that arises in donkey healthcare is that diseases often present themselves late, or may go completely unnoticed. This can lead to impaired welfare and quality of life for the animals.
- The researchers propose that veterinarians should equip themselves with a basic understanding of donkey-specific nutrition, blood values, pharmacology and potential diseases. This foundational knowledge would enable them to detect health issues in donkeys more effectively, thereby improving their capacity to provide suitable care.
The paper concludes by reiterating the need for veterinarians to adapt and apply guidelines used for horses to the care of donkeys, bearing in mind the unique physiological requirements of the latter. Further development and propagation of specific knowledge relating to donkeys will ultimately improve their health outcomes and overall welfare.
Cite This Article
APA
Barrio E, Rickards KJ, Thiemann AK.
(2019).
Clinical Evaluation and Preventative Care in Donkeys.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 35(3), 545-560.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK; The Veterinary Hospital, Brookfield, Honiton, Devon EX14 9SU, UK.
- The Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK; The Veterinary Hospital, Brookfield, Honiton, Devon EX14 9SU, UK.
- The Veterinary Hospital, Brookfield, Honiton, Devon EX14 9SU, UK; Education, The Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK. Electronic address: alex.thiemann@thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equidae
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Quality of Life
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Veterinary Medicine / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Ma Q, Yue Y, Kou X, Hou W, Wang M, Yang X, Liu G, Li Y, Wang C. Dynamic Distribution of Skin Microorganisms in Donkeys at Different Ages and Various Sites of the Body. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 7;13(9).
- Humphreys S, Kass PH, Magdesian KG, Goodrich E, Berryhill E. Seasonal variation of endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy non-geriatric donkeys in Northern California. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:981920.
- Khan RZU, Rosanowski SM, Saleem W, Parkes RSV. Cross-Sectional Questionnaire of Donkey Owners and Farriers Regarding Farriery Practices in the Faisalabad Region of Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 11;12(6).
- Deng L, Shi S, Li J, Tang C, Han Y, Xie P. A Survey of Smallholder Farms Regarding Demographics, Health Care, and Management Factors of Donkeys in Northeastern China. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:626622.
- Cappai MG, Dimauro C, Biggio GP, Cherchi R, Accioni F, Pudda F, Boatto G, Pinna W. The metabolic profile of Asinara (albino) and Sardo donkeys (pigmented) (Equus asinus L., 1758) points to unequivocal breed assignment of individuals. PeerJ 2020;8:e9297.
- Rodrigues S, Dahmane A, Debbous M, Figueiredo R, Houssem S, Reghaissia N, Moreira G, Mesquita JR. Absence of anti-HEV antibodies in donkeys in Algeria: a first serological survey. Vet Res Commun 2026 Feb 3;50(2):141.
- Goodrich EL, Llanos-Soto SG, Ivanek R, Pinn-Woodcock T, Frye E, Wells A, Purdy SR, Berryhill E, Place NJ. Both Season and Equid Type Affect Endogenous Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Donkeys, Mules and Hinnies in the United States. Animals (Basel) 2026 Jan 16;16(2).
- Masebo NT, Benedetti B, Angeloni MG, Lee L, Bigi D, Padalino B. Systematic Literature Review on Donkeys (Equus asinus): Husbandry and Welfare in Europe. Animals (Basel) 2025 Sep 23;15(19).
- Perzyna M, Grzędzicka J, Milczek-Haduch D, Dąbrowska I, Trela M, Pawliński B, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Immunological Responses to Tetanus and Influenza Vaccination in Donkeys. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jul-Aug;39(4):e70137.
- Sobrero L, Dalla Costa E, Minero M. Management of Donkeys in Assisted Interventions: A Snapshot. Animals (Basel) 2024 Feb 21;14(5).
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